Abstract: Using polyaniline as a precursor,a series of hard carbon materials were prepared at different carbonization temperatures. The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized using XRD,XPS,SEM and TEM. Sodium-ion half-cells were assembled with these materials as the anode,and their electrochemical performance was evaluated through galvanostatic charge-discharge tests. The results demonstrate that the carbon layer structure of hard carbon transitions from disordered to ordered with increasing temperature.The degree of graphitization,defect concentration,pore structure and interlayer spacing are critically dependent on the carbonization temperature. Key parameters such as the degree of graphitization,defect concentration,pore structure,and interlayer spacing are highly dependent on the regulation of the carbonization temperature. When the carbonization temperature is 1 200 ℃,the hard carbon material exhibits a well-developed closed pore structure and optimal overall electrochemical performance. The sodium-ion half-cells assembled with these materials as the anode demonstrate an initial Coulombic efficiency of 88% and a specific capacity of 291.7 mAh/g. Ex-situ Raman test results further reveal that as the voltage decreases from 2.000 V to 0.001 V during discharge,the material exhibits a sodium storage mechanism of "surface adsorption-intercalation into interlayers-closed pore filling.