Abstract: In order to effectively control the damage and vibration response of tunnel surrounding rock during drilling and blasting construction,this paper takes Shuncheng tunnel as the engineering background,constructs a three-dimensional finite element numerical model based on multi-material fluid-solid coupling,and analyzes the damage characteristics and effective stress distribution law of tunnel partition blasting surrounding rock. Through the adjustment of hole layout and initiation sequence,two blasting design optimization schemes are proposed. Scheme Ⅰ is a layered cutting method. The upper and lower guide three rows of cutting holes are preferentially detonated at 0 ms,the peripheral holes are blasted at 100 ms to control the contour,the bottom holes are released at 200 ms,and the caving holes are finally detonated at 300 ms. SchemeⅡ is the middle guide cutting method,the middle cutting holes are detonated at 0 ms,the upper guide two rows and the lowermost row of the middle guide caving holes are expanded at 100 ms,the peripheral holes are shaped and blasted at 200 ms,and the bottom holes are finally detonated at 300 ms. Through the comparative analysis of the vertical vibration velocity and the contour of the tunnel forming section,it is concluded that the middle guide cutting method can transfer the stress from the vault and the arch bottom area to the arch waist,forming a stable stress ring distribution. The vertical vibration velocity of blasting is reduced by 15 %～20 %compared with other schemes.