Abstract: In the continuous casting process, the stopper rod plays a pivotal role in regulating the flow of molten steel from the tundish into the mold. Its performance has a direct impact on the stability of the molten steel levels in both the tundish and the mold, as well as the control of the flow rate from the tundish. Spinel-carbon refractory materials are extensively utilized for the stopper rod owing to their superior chemical stability and resistance to molten steel erosion. However, when casting certain steel grades with excessively high oxygen content, severe erosion was observed on the stopper rod, which even compromised normal flow control. To address this situation, an analysis of the used stopper rod was conducted, revealing that the oxygen content and calcium content in the steel, along with the density of the stopper rod, are crucial factors influencing erosion. Based on these findings, an optimization study was carried out to adjust the contents of spinel, flake graphite, and SiC in the stopper rod, aiming to enhance its mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance, and erosion resistance. Among the samples, A3 exhibited superior performance compared to the control sample A0. Under the condition of maintaining excellent thermal shock resistance, the high-temperature strength of sample A3 increased by 2.9 MPa(approximately 30%), and its oxidation resistance improved by approximately 35%. During steel plant trials, the optimized screw head A3 demonstrated remarkable application performance. Compared with the original screw head, it significantly enhanced the erosion resistance during the casting of high-oxygen steel grades.