Abstract: As one of the most fundamental and widely applied methods for evaluating the mechanical properties of metallic materials,hardness testing plays a critical role in material development,process control,and quality assessment. The Subcommittee on Hardness Testing under Technical Committee on Metal Mechanical Testing of the International Organization for Standardization（ISO/TC164/SC3）,as the primary body for international hardness testing standardization,has established a complete standard system covering the hardness testing of Brinell,Vickers,Rockwell,Knoop and Leeb,and instrumented indentation testing,while continuously improving international rules on uncertainty evaluation,traceability of reference blocks,and verification of testing machines. In parallel,Working Group of Hardness established by Quality and Related Quantities Advisory Committee under International Bureau of Weights and Measures（BIPM/CCM-WGH） ensures the global uniformity and mutual recognition of hardness values at the level of metrology through international comparisons and uncertainty specifications. In China,the standardization system in this field is mainly composed of Mechanics and Process Performance Test Methods sub-technical committee under National Steel Standardization Technical Committee of Standardization Administration of the People ’s Republic of China（SAC/TC183/SC4）,National Testing Machine Standardization Technical Committee（SAC/TC122）,and the National Force Value Hardness Gravity Metrolog Technical Committee（MTC7）. It is responsible for the formulation and revision of method standards and equipment standards,as well as undertaking tasks related to metrological traceability and international cooperation. In recent years,Chinese experts have significantly enhanced their voice in international standardization work for hardness tests,leading the formulation and revision of several key ISO standards,making international standards more in line with domestic needs. Overall,the future development trend of hardness test standardization includes further standardization of traditional methods,expansion of new indentation methods,and advancement of extreme environment testing methods,providing a more solid foundation for advanced manufacturing and engineering applications.