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热处理对Q960E汽车高强钢焊接组织及性能的影响

Effect of heat treatment on the welding microstructure and properties of Q960E automobiles high-strength steel

  • 摘要: 针对汽车高强钢焊接冷裂纹、热影响区软化、韧性下降、残余应力等问题,为改善焊接接头组织性能,以Q960E汽车高强钢为研究对象,采用激光复合焊接试验的方法,研究了不同预热温度、淬火温度、回火温度等热处理参数对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:Q960E高强钢焊接接头由焊接母材、焊缝、融合区、过热区、正火区组成;在预热温度100 ℃、淬火温度900 ℃、回火温度400 ℃时,母材为回火索氏体组织,焊缝为细小的贝氏体组织,融合区为细小的贝氏体和粗大的马氏体组织,过热区为粗大的贝氏体组织,正火区为贝氏体和马氏体组成的再结晶体;随着淬火温度的升高,焊接接头抗拉强度和屈服强度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,断后伸长率呈现先减小后增大的趋势;随着回火温度的升高,焊接接头抗拉强度和屈服强度均呈现逐渐减小的趋势,断后伸长率呈现逐渐增大的趋势;预热温度100 ℃、淬火温度900 ℃、回火温度400 ℃时,焊接接头抗拉强度为1 150 MPa,屈服强度为1 075 MPa,断后伸长率为10.56%,其综合性能较优,该工艺为Q960E汽车高强钢最佳热处理工艺。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of cold cracking, heat affected zone softening,toughness decreasing, and residual stress in the welding of high-strength steel for automobiles, the Q960E automobiles high-strength steel has been taken as the research object, the laser composite welding test method has been used to study the effects of different heat treatment parameters such as preheating temperature, quenching temperature, and tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint. The research results indicate that the welded joint of Q960E high-strength steel consists of a welding base material, a weld seam, a fusion zone, an overheated zone, and a normalized zone, at preheating temperature of 100 ℃, quenching temperature of 900 ℃, and tempering temperature of 400 ℃, the base material is tempered martensite, the weld seam is fine bainite, the fusion zone is fine bainite and coarse martensite, the overheated zone is coarse bainite, and the normalized zone is a recrystallized crystal composed of bainite and martensite. As the quenching temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of the welded joint show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the elongation at break shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. As the tempering temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of the welded joint show a gradually decreasing trend, while the elongation at break shows a gradually increasing trend. When the preheating temperature is 100 ℃, the quenching temperature is 900 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 400 ℃, the tensile strength of the welded joint is 1 150 MPa, the yield strength is 1 075 MPa, and the elongation at break is 10.56%, the comprehensive performance is superior, and it is the best heat treatment processes for Q960E automotive high-strength steel.

     

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