Abstract: In recent years, China's rolling technology has rapidly advanced from being a follower to a parallel and then a leader. In terms of processes and equipment, China has achieved international leading levels in a series of innovations and applications, including multimode headless continuous casting and rolling technology, 5 600 mm wide-heavy plate rolling technology, 2 680 mm wide stainless steel hot continuous rolling production lines, six-stands six-high tandem unit for high-grade silicon steel, high-precision heat treatment processes and equipment for strip and plate, key production technologies for ultra-thin stainless steel sheets, and online microstructure and property control technology for hot-rolled seamless pipes. In steel products, China's advanced steel enterprises have essentially reached international leading standards in the quality of automotive steel, energy steel, engineering machinery steel, shipbuilding and offshore engineering steel, low-cost 2 000 MPa-level ultra-high-strength and ductile steel, and certain specialty steels. In terms of the "strength-plasticity-toughness" control mechanism for ultra-high-strength steel, innovative approaches such as the "dislocation engineering + TRIP effect" synergy mechanism and the "martensite topology design + metastable phase regulation" synergy plasticity enhancement mechanism have been proposed. Meanwhile, China has also reached international advanced levels in digital and intelligent empowerment for high-quality and stable rolling production.Overall, China has made significant progress in rolling processes, equipment, products, digitalization, and intelligent empowerment, but there remains a gap compared to international advanced standards in core rolling processes and equipment, large rolling mill control systems, and high-end, high-quality product technological innovation. Some core equipment and control systems still require imports.Considering the development trends of China's steel industry, key technological innovations and development directions to focus on include: core rolling process and equipment technology, high-end and high-quality product innovation, continuous and efficient key technologies integrated with upstream/downstream processes and the industrial chain, as well as digital and intelligent empowerment.