Abstract: To address global climate change and achieve the nation's "dual carbon" goals, the steel industry, a key carbon-emitting sector, is in urgent need of a clean energy transition. Hydrogen-based direct reduction ironmaking technology, which replaces coke with green hydrogen, is recognized as a pathway to carbon-neutral iron production. However, the reduction of iron oxides by hydrogen is a strongly endothermic reaction whose kinetic rate is significantly influenced by temperature. Preheating hydrogen to above 1 000 ℃ is a core step to enhance reaction efficiency and reduce energy consumption per ton of steel. This paper focuses on the electric heating hydrogen preheating system for hydrogen-based vertical furnaces, systematically reviews the technical characteristics and application status of mainstream heating methods, and deeply analyzes the research progress in multiphysics coupling numerical simulation techniques for hydrogen heating processes. Existing gas electric heating simulation technologies achieve precise control of the heating process, optimize flow and heat transfer, and predict thermal stresses and hydrogen embrittlement risks through collaborative modeling of electromagnetic-thermal-fluid-structure fields, which have become key tools for design optimization. However, current technologies still face challenges such as multi-field coupling convergence, dynamic modeling of high-temperature hydrogen embrittlement, multi-scale mesh generation, and adaptability to green electricity fluctuations. Future efforts should focus on addressing the core challenges of multi-physics coupling in high-temperature electric heating, combining numerical modeling with experimental validation to improve simulation accuracy and computational efficiency. Simultaneously, the deep integration between simulation and process systems must be strengthened to realize the synergistic optimization of heating processes with hydrogen production and metallurgical operations, as well as the dynamic adaptation to green electricity fluctuations. This will establish an efficient design framework of "high-fidelity simulation-experimental calibration-process integration", providing core technological support for the clean energy transition of the steel industry and the commercial application of hydrogen energy.