Abstract: Under the background of carbon peaking, carbon neutrality and circular economy goals, the efficient and green resource utilization of copper slag has important practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of copper industry and other metallurgical industries. Aiming at the deficiencies of current copper slag treatment technologies, including high energy consumption, high carbon emission and long process flow, this study adopted a hydrogen reduction-melting separation process to realize the resource utilization of copper slag. Based on the proposed process, the effects of binary basicity on the strength and hydrogen reduction behavior of copper slag pellets were investigated, and the evolution laws of phase composition and microstructure of copper slag pellets during oxidation and reduction processes were analyzed. The results show that increasing basicity improves the quality of green pellets and roasted pellets of copper slag. With the increase of binary basicity, the strengths of green pellets and roasted pellets both increase first and then decrease. The green pellets present relatively high shatter strength (0.5 m) and compressive strength at the binary basicity of 0.79, which are 37.0 times and 29.6 N, respectively, while the roasted pellets achieve superior strength when the binary basicity ranges from 0.28 to 0.45. In addition, the increase of basicity promotes the oxidation and crystal connection of iron-bearing minerals in copper slag, which is beneficial to improving the reducibility of copper slag pellets. Under the conditions of reduction temperature of 1 000 ℃ and reduction time of 138 min, the metallization rates of copper slag pellets with binary basicity of 0.11, 0.45 and 0.79 reach 29.33%, 53.79% and 83.67%, respectively. Meanwhile, Fe-Cu alloy phase forms in the reduction products, realizing the collaborative reduction of iron and copper elements in copper slag. Considering the strength of green pellets and roasted pellets as well as the reduction effect comprehensively, the optimal binary basicity for copper slag pellets is determined to be 0.79. This study provides new ideas and theoretical support for the low-carbon and green resource utilization of copper slag.