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基于TSMixer-SHAP-模糊控制的铁水温度智能可解释调控方法

Intelligent and explainable molten iron temperature regulation method based on TSMixer-SHAP-fuzzy control

  • 摘要: 针对高炉炼铁过程中铁水温度呈现非线性、大滞后、强耦合的控制难点, 以及传统方法存在预测与调控割裂、规则设计主观性强、模型可解释性不足等行业痛点, 本文开展铁水温度智能可解释调控方法研究, 旨在构建高精度预测与科学调控一体化闭环架构, 提升铁水温度控制稳定性与目标命中率, 为高炉智能化、稳定化生产提供技术支撑。以某高炉2024年8月至2025年2月连续生产的22项工艺参数为研究对象, 采用DBSCAN+LOF二级异常值检测与随机森林缺失值填补完成数据预处理, 通过Spearman相关性分析+多方法融合特征选择确定10个兼顾时序关联与工艺耦合的核心特征; 构建TSMixer时序预测模型, 利用时间混合层与特征混合层分别捕捉长时序滞后特性与参数耦合关系; 基于SHAP可解释性分析量化特征贡献度, 筛选出富氧流量、燃料比、热风温度、鼓风动能4个可在线调控的核心变量; 以铁水温度偏差及其变化率为输入, 设计数据驱动模糊控制器, 输出4项控制量增量并施加工艺执行约束, 形成可现场执行的调控指令。试验结果表明, TSMixer模型拟合优度R2达88%, 单步推理耗时仅12 ms, 具有精度与实时性双重优势; 该调控架构使铁水温度调控目标命中率提升至92%, 温度波动幅度由-15~15 ℃收窄至-5~5 ℃以内, 调控稳定性显著优于比例-积分-微分(PID)控制与模型预测控制(MPC)。本文创新性地建立了预测-分析-调控闭环链路, 以SHAP可解释分析替代传统经验规则, 有效降低模糊控制主观性, 提升策略工程适配性与可解释性。该方法可为高炉铁水温度智能调控提供可推广方案, 未来可结合强化学习实现规则动态迭代, 拓展至多高炉跨工况应用。

     

    Abstract: To address the control challenges of nonlinearity, large time lag and strong coupling of molteniron temperature in blast furnace ironmaking, as well as the industrial limitations of traditional methods including separated prediction and regulation processes, highly subjective rule design, and insufficient model interpretability, this paper investigates an intelligent and explainable regulation method for molten iron temperature. The purpose is to construct an integrated closed-loop architecture of high-precision prediction and scientific regulation, improve the stability and target hit rate of molten iron temperature control, and provide technical support for intelligent and stable production of blast furnaces. Twenty two process parameters collected from the continuous production of a blast furnace from August 2024 to February 2025 were selected as research objects. DBSCAN+LOF two-level outlier detection and random forest missing value imputation were adopted for data preprocessing. Ten core features with both temporal correlation and process coupling characteristics were determined via Spearman correlation analysis and multi-method fusion feature selection. A TSMixer time series prediction model was constructed, and its time mixing layer and feature mixing layer captured the long-term time lag characteristics and parameter coupling relationships of production data, respectively. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) interpretable analysis was applied to quantify feature contributions, and four online adjustable core variables including oxygen-enriched flow rate, fuel ratio, hot blast temperature and blast kinetic energy were screened out. A data-driven fuzzy controller was designed with molten iron temperature deviation and its change rate as inputs. The controller outputted the incremental values of the four control variables, and process execution constraints were imposed to form executable regulation instructions for field application. Experimental results show that the goodness-of-fit R2 of the TSMixer model reaches 88%, and the single-step inference time is only 12 ms, which delivers superior performance in both prediction accuracy and real-time capability. The proposed regulation architecture increases the target hit rate of molten iron temperature control to 92%, and narrows the temperature fluctuation range from -15 ℃ to 15 ℃ to within -5 ℃ to 5 ℃, exhibiting significantly better regulation stability than PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative)and MPC (Model Predictive Control) strategies. The innovation contribution of this paper lies in the establishment of a complete prediction-analysis-regulation closed-loop chain. The adoption of SHAP interpretable analysis instead of traditional empirical rules effectively reduces the subjectivity of fuzzy control and improves the engineering adaptability and interpretability of regulation strategies.The innovation of this study is the establishment of a prediction-analysis-regulation. The proposed method can serve as a generalized scheme for the intelligent regulation of blast furnace molten iron temperature. Future research will combine reinforcement learning to realize the dynamic iteration of regulation rules and promote the extended application of the method in multi-blast furnace and cross-working-condition scenarios.

     

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