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	2014 Vol. 49 No. 4
	Published: 2014-04-15



	Technical Reviews Materials

Technical Reviews

	1	WANG Jun，XIN Qiang，DU Zheng-cong
		Research Status and Forecast of Blast Furnace Lining Thickness Detection Technology
		The existing blast furnace lining thickness detection techniques were studied，such as multiple-thermocouple method，resistance method，capacitance method， ultrasonic method， heat detection method，model extrapolation method， impact elastic wave method，etc. The principles of various methods were described，and their advantages and disadvantages as well as their applicable scope were summarized. At the same time，after analysising the existing detection techniques，the writer predicted future developing trend，and believed that future blast furnace lining detection technology would have been developed towards precision，automation，visualization，low-cost，and multi-condition，and different detection techniques could been combined with each other in order to form a effective and secure compound detection system. And research priorities were focused on optimal arrangement of sensors，combination invasive detection with non-invasive detection，detection process optimization and the application of some new technologies.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 1155 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 37 )

Metallurgical Technology

	6	ZHANG Shi-yang，XUE Qing-guo，LIU Jin-zhou，SHE Xue-feng，WANG Jing-song
		Numerical Simulation of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Blowpipe
		A mathematical model of the gas-solid flow，heat exchange and pulverized coal combustion in blowpipe was developed．Based on the technological parameters of practical blast furnace，by the way of numerical simulation，influences on the burnout of pulverized coal caused by the change of operating parameters such as particle diameter，oxygen enrichment and blast temperature were investigated with the help of business software．The variations of gas composition and temperature in blowpipe were also studied．The results indicate that the decreasing of particle diameter，the increasing of oxygen enrichment and blast temperature all can raise coal burnout．The main transformation of pulverized coal in blowpipe is devolatilization，which is sensitive to temperature，while insensitive to oxygen concentration．This conclusion is contrary to the simulation results of predecessors got in raceway．During the study of the influence of variables on pulverized coal burnout，the simulation region should contain both of blowpipe and raceway.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 6-12 [Abstract] ( 1124 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 42 )

	13	LIU Dong-hui，L Qing，ZOU Lei-lei，CHEN Shu-jun，FENG Shuai，LI Fu-min
		Influence of Ratios of Limonite on Basic Characteristics of Vanadium Titanium Magnetite
		The influence of the ratios of limonite on the basic characteristics of vanadium titanium magnetite was investigated．The results show that the assimilation temperature of vanadium titanium mixed ore decreases with the increasing of the ratio of limonite．The liquid phase fluidity index of vanadium titanium mixed ores rises with the increasing of the ratio of limonite．The binding phase strength of vanadium titanium mixed ores rises at first and then decreases with the increasing of the ratio of limonite．The assimilation temperature of vanadium titanium mixed ores is 1302~1315℃，the liquid phase fluidity index is 1.12~1.32 and the binding phase strength is 4628~5198N in different ratios of limonite．Based on comprehensive utilization of low-priced materials，decrease the cost of production and improve the quality of vanadium-titanium sinter，analyzed the influence of the ratio of limonite on the basic characteristics of vanadium titanium magnetite，the sintering ore-blending scheme is best when the ratio of limonite is 10% and the total ratio of limonite is 37.2%．
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 13-17 [Abstract] ( 1087 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 50 )

	18	SUN Zhong-gui
		Effect of MgO on High Aluminous Slag Stability
		In order to lower cost and enlarge ore resource，the high aluminum final slag was systematically studied in this paper．Through viscosity test，kinetics activation energy calculation，thermal dynamics calculation，crystallization and changing rules of constituents of different slag were analyzed．The stability of slag has complicated relation with constituents，though the composition of ultra-large furnace is close with each other，the changing rules of viscosity are quite different．Normally，in high temperature the activation energy of different slag differs a little，between 160 000~170 000 J，and in low temperature the difference is significant．The stability of high aluminum low magnesium slag is higher than high aluminum and high magnesium slag，and if lowering the magnesium content the metallurgical properties of blast furnace burdens could be improved and slag ratio could be also lowered，which is effective measure to lower cost．Lowering the magnesium content in final slag is to increase the efficiency of magnesium．High aluminum slag doesn’t mean low stability，and by adjusting other constituents the blast furnace operation can adapt to high aluminum slag．
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 18-24 [Abstract] ( 1067 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 58 )

	25	HUANG Bang-fu，，FAN Bo，WANG Jian-jun，，LI Guang-shuang，QI Yan
		Control Model of Steel Ladle’s Saving Ladle Production
		At present steel workshops exists the rhythm of production between converter and continuous caster does not match phenomenon，which need to saving ladle production to ensure the caster casting，therefore the scientific-reasonable saving ladle’s control model of steel making plant could achieve energy saving significance．Based on the C steel workshop’s steel ladles as the research object，this article analyzes its operation mode and time，converter and caster matching model．Through analyzing the relationship between the time of saving ladle and the number of continuous caster’s heats ，the operating time control model of steel ladle’s saving ladle is constructed，which could calculates the reasonable value of saving ladle’s time，heavy ladle’s operation time and steel ladle’s turnover cycle．Through applying Gantt chart to analysis and study the turnover rule of saving ladle，the turnover number control model of steel ladle is constructed also．Satisfactory effects were obtained after applying the control model in production：saving number and turnover number were reduced，turnover ratio was increased and temperature drop was reduced．
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 25-31 [Abstract] ( 1028 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 49 )

	32	ZHANG Zhong-zheng，LIN Yang，SHANG De-li，L Chun-feng，KANG Lei，LIAO Xiang-wei
		Non-Metallic Inclusions in RH Refining Process
		A water model with linear scale 1∶5 for a 200t ladle RH unit was established．The effect of blow rate in up-gas tube in real process condition on slag entrapment was analyzed to get optimizing process parameters．The results show that with blow rate120m3/h in up-gas tube，slag entrapment occurs smoothly and evenly．According to the result of water model，the industrial tests on RH unit using premelted slag were carried out．After sampling in each process，the amount，size distribution and morphology of inclusions in non-oriented silicon steel with/without pre-molten refining slag treatment were studied by metalloscope，image analytical meter and scan electron microscope．The results show that pre-molten refining slag treatment makes the amount and size of inclusions decrease and Al2O3 change to CaO-MgO-A12O3 compound inclusions in RH metallurgical treatment．
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 32-35 [Abstract] ( 1183 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 37 )

	36	BAI Ming-hua,YAN Qi,ZHENG Zhi-yong,CHEN Jian-xing
		afety Thickness of Solidified Shell at Mold Export of Heavy Section Continuous Casting Billet
		The safety thickness of solidified shell has a very significant impact on the safety of the continuous casting production, the quality of billets and the length of crystallizer. The calculation model was based on 700 mm×700 mm billets. The stress distribution of different thickness of the solidified shell model was analyzed by the results of finite element calculation. The stress distribution of slab surface and yield limit of material was used to judge whether the solidified shell is in safe production status. The results show that, the limitation of the thickness is 26 mm. As the shell thickness increases, the slab surface stress decreases and gradually away from the yield limit. Considered the shell growth in homogeneity, the safety factor was discussed to adjust the shell thickness in safe. For this model the safety factor is 1.46, the revised safety average shell thickness is 38 mm.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 36-41 [Abstract] ( 1153 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 42 )

	42	FU Zhi-qiang,,DU Feng-shan,,AN Zi-jun,DUAN Li-ying,YU Hui,YANG Fan,
		5Metal Flow Law of a Circular Tube Into a Rectangular-Tube in Continuous Roll Forming Process
		In order to investigate the metal flow law in the process of rectangular tube roll forming, a three-dimensional elastic-plastic nonlinear finite element model of rectangular tube roll forming was established with the actual factory production process. The simulated result by the finite element model is consistent with that of field measurements. The metal flow law is obtained by analyzing the nodal displacements in inner, middle and outer on the long side, short side and corner. The results show that: the metal flow law is not consistent from the outer to the inner layer in the middle section of the thickness direction, and the inconsistency at the long side is more obvious than that at the short side; There exists a large difference in the longitudinal metal flow law of the front, middle and tail in outer layer, and the metal flow law of the outer and the inner layer of the front and the tail is on the contrary. The results provide an important theoretical basis for predicting the final dimensional accuracy and roll forming process parameters.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 42-46 [Abstract] ( 1040 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 53 )

	47	CHEN Chao-chao,HE An-rui,SHAO Jian,LIU Jian-hua,ZHOU Jie
		Comprehensive Shape Control Technologies of High Strength Low-Alloy Steel in Hot Strip Mills
		With the wide use of high strength low-alloy steel, the profile and flatness of HSLA steel becomes a subject of concern, especially for the problem of lager profile. Based on roll shape, control model and roll process, comprehensive shape control technologies including the optimization and design of work roll contour and VCRplus backup roll contour, the digestion and research of crown feedback control model and the optimization of finisher load distribution were put forward and applied to production on the 2250 mm hot strip mill at Lianyuan. The application of such technologies significantly improved the shape control effects of HSLA steel. The percentage satisfying the control target range of average strip crown of HSLA steel had about 37.98% increase, especially for the heavy gauge, the hit rate of average strip crown was increased from 25.48% to 95.89%. And the roll wear was improved and the general roll consume of finishing mill was reduced by 23.29%, which prolonged the rolls’ service lives and created great economic benefits for the enterprise.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 47-53 [Abstract] ( 1200 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 59 )

	54	YU Yang,MENG Xian-tang,WANG Lin,WANG Chang,LI Fei,LI Rui-heng
		Stamping Cracking Mechanism of High Strength Beam Steel of 750MPa Level
		The stamping cracking defect is the main problem for the utility of high strength beam steel with the strength exceeding 700MPa. Controlling the inclusions and center segregation and grinding the shear plane can reduce the probability of stamping cracking. The paper was mainly focused on hot rolling process to investigate the cause and mechanism leading to stamping cracking. The microstructure, mechanical properties, heating and rough rolling temperature system, finishing rolling and coiling temperature system, finishing rolling speed, as well as the influence of hot charging system, were all comparatively analyzed, considering the difference between the normal strip and stamping cracking strip of 750 MPa level beam steel. And some beneficial experiences were provided for production of this kind of steel. The results show that ensuring fine rolling speed is the important way to low the probability of stamping cracking defect.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 54-57 [Abstract] ( 1141 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 60 )

	58	PEI Nuan-nuan,ZHU Guo-ming,ZHANG Si-xun,YUAN Peng-ju,KANG Yong-lin
		Temperature Field Research of Horizontal Roller for Universal Rolling Process of H-Beam
		Numerical simulation of horizontal roller temperature for universal rolling process of H-beam was accomplished by FEM method. According to simulation results, temperature distribution of horizontal roller surface was analyzed. The results show that: temperature of horizontal roller surface contact with web of H-beam is lower, and contact with R-corner of H-beam is highest. In addition, horizontal roller cooling experiment for universal mill of small size H-beam was finished. The cooling method of horizontal roller was mist cooling and water cooling. The experimental results show that: when roller adopted mist cooling method, there are less residual water on H-beam web, smaller temperature difference of H-beam surface, smaller wear degree and temperature difference of roller. Besides, the temperature of roller is easier to fall to room temperature after rolling process. In general, the effect of mist cooling method adopted by roller is better than water cooling method.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 58-62 [Abstract] ( 1026 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 51 )

Materials

	63	REN Yong-qiang,CHEN Er-hu,SONG Ting-ting,YUAN Sheng-fu,SHANG Cheng-jia
		Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of High Elongation Steel Used for Expandable Tubular
		Making use of the low-carbon and low-alloy component, the new expandable tubular steel was designed. After the optimized α+γ zone annealing treatment, the following properties of steel can be obtained, such as high strength, high elongation, high work hardening ability and good impact ability. And the Mechanical properties under high temperature are also good. At room temperature, tensile strength of the material is more than 700MPa, elongation of it is more than 40%, the products of tensile strength and total elongation of it is more than 30GPa·% and half thickness size impact toughness of it is higher than 50J. At 300℃ high temperature, tensile strength of it is still more than 620MPa, elongation of it is more than 40%, products of tensile strength and total elongation of it is also more than 25GPa·%. By means of SEM and XRD, microstructures of this kind of steel were characterized. The results show that this kind of steel exhibits a multi-phase microstructure including martensite, retained austenite and ferrite. Due to the TRIP effect of the widely distributed small size retained austenite, the sustainable work hardening ability can be obtains, and the good combination of high strength and good plasticity can be achieved.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 63-68 [Abstract] ( 1156 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 48 )

	69	CHEN Huan-de，LIU Dong-sheng
		Industrial Run to Produce TMCP Processed Q500qENH Weathering Heavy Plate for Bridge
		A low carbon micro-alloyed MnCuNiCrMo heavy plate steel was proposed to develop 60mm thick plate with yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa and secured low temperature toughness. The effects of pancaking of austenite and cooling rate on continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behavior of the subject steel were investigated. Integrated industrial production trial consisted of continuous casting of thick slab and thermomechanical control processing (TMCP) of heavy plate employing a 5m width rolling mill was conducted to produce the advanced product. The microstructure of the plate consists of granular bainite (GB)+acicular ferrite (AF) + polygonal ferrite (PF). The room temperature tensile properties in transverse direction are featured by YS greater than 560 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) greater than 660 MPa and total elongation greater than 20 pct, meanwhile, the area reduction rate in Z direction greater than 76%. The Charpy V notch (CVN) impact toughness in longitudinal direction is greater than 170J at -40℃, while the nil-ductility transition temperature (NDTT) is at -85℃.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 69-75 [Abstract] ( 1140 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 51 )

	76	CHEN Ge,CHENG Xiao-ru,CHENG Shi,ZHOU Hui,FAN Jing-guo,SHEN Jin-long
		Investigation on Morphology and Stripping of Oxide Scale on High Carbon Steel Wire
		it would be helpful to improve the yield of wire drawing when the ratio of oxide scale on high carbon steel wire was improved. The morphology of internal surfaces of stripped oxide scale on high carbon steel wire was studied by SEM microscopic analysis, the mechanism of internal surface corrugation was analyzed systematically. The relationships between the stripping performance and the height and length of the corrugation on the internal surface relief were given by fracture mechanics. Comparing the tensile test results with SEM， the conclusion was proved，that height of corrugation of internal surface was the greater and the length was longer， it was more conducive for the stripping performance of oxide scale on high carbon steel wire.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 76-79 [Abstract] ( 1124 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 48 )

	80	HOU Zhi-peng,,YANG Mao-sheng,ZHAO Kun-yu,BAI Li-guo
		Microstructure Evolution Research of Cr-Co-Mo-Ni Gear and Bearing Steel Under Action of Temperature and Stress Coupling
		Creep-rupture test was performed under the temperature of 500℃ and different stresses for heat treated high temperature Cr-Co-Mo-Ni gear and bearing steel. The creep-rupture strength obtained by interpolation was 1022MPa at the state of 500℃ for 500h. The microstructure of the samples, before and after creep-rupture test, was investigated by OM, SEM and TEM. The results show that the rupture time extends from 96.4h to 845.8h, the average size of carbides in the matrix increases from 0.3μm to 0.5μm and the area ratio increases from 1.65% to 3.85% with the stresses reduced from 1150MPa to 950MPa at the state of 500℃. With the reduction of stresses and the extension of rupture time, the martensite lath changes with shear deformation, fragmentation and rearranges. And the dislocation density decreases. The precipitated phase is always M6C before and after creep-rupture test.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 80-85 [Abstract] ( 1157 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 56 )

	86	CHEN Guang，LI Ling-yun,DING Yi,CAO Qu-quan,XU Shi,GUO Hong-ling
		Influencing Factors of Energy Consumption for Iron and Steel Enterprise Systems
		In order to analyze energy consumption influencing factors of iron and steel enterprises in-depth and dig deep energy saving potential, the method of energy consumption in operating phase was proposed from two aspects. The first aspect considered from the material flow, energy flow and equipment status. The other considered from the heat balance. The results show that there are 12 factors influencing energy consumption. So there are twelve pathways of energy-saving: the quality of raw materials, fuel quality, produce, product performance, device status, level of equipment, situation at the interface between processes convergence, the rate of discharge, emissions temperature, emissions pressure, emissions calorific value and the product structure. Energy-saving pathways currently proposed may correspond to the twelve areas, which can be helpful to stipulate for countermeasures of energy consumption during the production practice process. The formula of the system energy consumption was deduced. Iron and steel enterprise system energy theory was enriched.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 86-89 [Abstract] ( 1214 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 60 )

	90	LU Yan，NA Xian-zhao，QI Yuan-hong，ZHEN Chang-liang
		Harmless Treatment of Stainless Steel EAF Slag and Its Engineering Performance for Using as Cement-Base Materials
		Stainless steel slag can be used as a kind of cementing matrix material, of which the component and phase structure is similar to cement clinker. Cr6+ exists in stainless steel EAF slag as CaCrO4 phase, and there is a certain leaching risk from the slag. The harmless treatment was investigated by the method of carbothermal dry detoxification. The results were indicated that, the chromium oxides of EAF slag were reduced effectively in the suitable conditions of reducing temperature, carbon amount and basicity. After reduction, the phase of CaCrO4 was disappeared and the leaching of total Cr and Cr6+ were far below the standard’s value. According to the text of cementitious property on the EAF slag treated by harmless disposal, it was found that both the activity index and the setting time of the EAF slag can reach the requirement of the specifications in GB/T 20491-2006. Therefore, the treated stainless steel EAF slag can be used as cementing matrix material to realize its safe discharging and resource utilization.
		2014 Vol. 49 (4): 90-95 [Abstract] ( 1121 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 64 )

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