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2015 Vol. 50 No. 5
Published: 2015-05-15
1
WU Zeng-qiang，BAI Yin，，MA Long-teng，LIU Zheng-dong
Research and development of martensitic creep-resistant steels for 650 ℃
The ultra-supercritical power plants are accepted for high energy efficiency in the world. The ultra-supercritical technology will release pressure of energy crisis and environment problems. Because of its?good thermal properties?and cheap?cost，martensite?heat-resistant steel?is widely used in power station?boiler. The martensite creep-resistant steels were used as key materials for power plant applications with service temperatures not exceeding 650 ℃. The projects about these kind of materials were recommended in some main countries. The effects of various elements were analyzed based on alloying principle in creep-resistant steels. Some new creep-resistant steels designed for 650 ℃ power plant applications recently were discussed and the strengthening?mechanism was analyzed.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 1-6 [
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ZUO Hai-bin，YU Wen-tao，ZHANG Jian-liang
Effects of temperature on the decrepitation performance of natural lump ores
One of the most important indexes to evaluate lump ores is the decrepitation performance of natural lump ores，which could influence the permeability of blast furnace and affect?blast?furnace?to stabilize?direct?motion. It is helpful to provide basis for matching furnace?charge structure at the study of decrepitation performance of natural lump ores. This paper researches four different kinds of decrepitation performances of natural lump ores at different temperatures and the main factors influencing the decrepitation performance. The results show： as the temperature rises， the?size?distribution and decrepitation indexes of four kinds of lump ores change differently. Moreover， the different natural lump ores have different decrepitation indexes at the same temperature. The more amount of hydroxyl contents， the stronger of decrepitation performance of natural lump ores. The decrepitation performance of natural lump ores will decrease with the increase of total volume of?pore and average diameter of pores.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 7-12 [
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13
Lü Qing，ZHANG Xu-sheng，LIU Xiao-jie，LA Xiao-shuai
Influence of titanium on the basic characteristics of sinter
The influence of titanium on the basic characteristics of sinter is investigated by mini-sintering and sinter pot test. The results show that titanium has a great influence on sinter. With the content of titanium increasing， the crystal intensity and the assimilation temperature of mixed ores rise， but the liquid phase fluidity and the binding phase strength decrease. Titanium reacts with CaO to generate high melting point perovskite in sintering process and reduces the formation of calcium ferrite material， which changes ore phase structure of sinter and goes against the combination among mineral powder. During the production， reducing the content of titanium can improve the quality of sinter.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 13-18 [
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19
WU Sheng-li，WANG Yue-fei，ZHU Juan
Influence of particle characteristics on the granulation of iron ores in sintering process
Learning granulating ability of iron ores is the base of subsequent parameter optimization aiming at efficient granulation when sintering blend was granulated. Clarifying the granulation of different iron ores and the influence of particle characteristics was a valuable subject that worth further research. Laboratory granulation test was conducted to study the effect of particle characteristics knowing as circularity， porosity， wettability and size distributions on granulation behaviour of iron ore. Granulation estimation of sintering blend by combination of coarse and fine particles was carried out on the base. Results gained are summarized as follows. Circularity and porosity had negative effect on granulation of iron ore while[cosθ]was positive. When iron ore that with complex size distributions was granulated， equivalent surface area was the main influencing factor for coarse particles larger than 1 mm that was negatively related， and the ratio of adhering fines to intermediate [(R<0.25 mm/0.25～1.00 mm)] was the main factor for fine particles smaller than 1 mm that was positively related. Granulation ability of sintering blend was estimated by combining granulation of coarse and fine particles with and their proportioning， good verification was achieved with designed schemes， suggesting an effective predicting method for blend granulation.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 19-25 [
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26
LEI Ming，ZHANG Ming-xing，DU Ping，QIU Hui
Analysis of reasonable pulverized coal rate of Shasteel 5 800 m3 blast furnace
Since blown， the Shasteel 5800m3 blast furnace is operated stably and smoothly. According to the operating experience， reasonable pulverized coal rate has been found. Oxygen excess ratio， theoretical flame temperature and permeability resistance index have been considered. Besides， boshgas volume index should also be considered. According to actual operation data， the oxygen excess ratio should be above 0.71， and the theoretical flame temperature should be 2 350 ℃， and permeability resistance index should be in the range of 1.8-2.0. At the same time， the reasonable bosh gas volume index should be no more than 68 m/min. It is because of smaller hearth diameter of 5800m3 blast furnace. If the raw materials and operation are stable， the proper pulverized coal rate is 180 kg/t.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 26-29 [
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30
WAN Xue-feng，CAO Dong，LIU Xiang，ZHU Xiao-lei，LIAO Xiang-wei
Application of CO2 in BOF
By the thermodynamic analysis of top blowing CO2 in the converter， combined with laboratory simulation result of top blowing O2＋CO2 mixture gas in converter， some key parameters of CO2 used in converter were established. It is concluded that although pure CO2 injected in the converter could achieve decarburize， the drop of temperature was rather large. When the CO2 supplying intensity was 3.0 m3/(t·min)， the reduction of temperature was 15.1 ℃/min； By blowing O2＋CO2 mixture gas， temperature balance could be realized， but the largest theoretical proportion of CO2 in mixture gas was 79.1%； with the increase of CO2 proportion， the carbon and oxygen product of molten steel at the blowing end was reduced， under the condition of [φ(CO2)∶][φ(O2)＝1][∶]1， the carbon and oxygen product could be controlled in the range of (25～32)×10－8.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 30-33 [
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34
BAO Ren-ren，ZHANG Jie，LI Hong-bo，JIA Sheng-hui，LIU Hai-jun ，LI Xian-jie
Influence of asymmetric flatness errors on strip wandering in continuous annealing lines
Asymmetric flatness errors have a great influence on strip wandering in continuous annealing lines，especially the edge buckle. In order to present the asymmetry of flatness，asymmetry ratio is introduced. The relationship between strip wandering distance and asymmetry ratio is analyzed，which shows when the average asymmetry ratio of a length of strip rises above 0.5，the wandering distance of strips also increases. On the basic of analysis a standard of strip flatness produced by cold rolling progress is determined，with which the number of strip break in annealing line caused by flatness errors falls from 8 times per year to 3 times per year.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 34-37 [
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38
JIN He-rong，，ZHOU Yong-qiang，，GENG Yong-xiang，，JIANG Jin-shui
Rolling force calculation and parameters influence analysis of wide stainless steel clad plate
Force analysis of interlaminar vacuum hot rolling deformation process for wide stainless steel clad plate was carried out. The hot rolling deformation area was divided into two intervals marked as I and II， and the force equilibrium equations of each interval were established employing the principal stress method. The length and resultant stress of each deformation zone were obtained according to the boundary conditions and yield criterion， and the mathematical model for calculation of rolling force is derived. Based on this model， the influence of rolling process parameters on different stress distribution in wide stainless clad plate rolling intervals was analyzed. Substituting the actual parameters into the calculation formula of rolling model， the calculated values were obtained by application of Matlab programming and compared with the measured values. The results indicate that the rolling force model can predict the rolling force accurately and meet the engineering requirements. The study on clad rolling process contributes to the optimization of forming process and product performance prediction， which can provide reference basis for future research and development of this kind of materials.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 38-43 [
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44
LUO Yan-zhao，JIAO Hui-li，PANG Zai-gang，LI Hai-bo，NI You-jin，ZHAO Lin
Effect of hot-rolling technology on slag entrapment and surface sliver defects for ultra-low carbon IF steel
The slag entrapment and surface sliver defects were analyzed from the perspective of the hot rolling process for ultra-low carbon IF steel， the influences of different hot-rolling parameters were studied. The results show that the slag entrapment and surface sliver defects reduce with the increase of the hot charging temperature. A reduced incidence of slag entrapment and surface sliver defects happens with increasing holding time and lowering tapping temperature， but Minitab data analysis shows that this parameter has little influence. The hot charging temperature and the holding time in the reheating furnace have greater impact.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 44-48 [
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49
ZHENG Xu-tao，ZHANG Jie，LI Hong-bo，CHENG Fang-wu，HU Wei-dong，SHI Lei
Work roll uneven wear prediction model in broad-strip hot rolling mill
The wear contours of work rolls are observed generally and irregular uneven wear in a 2 250 mm hot strip mill cannot be precisely predicted by the models based on the pre-established pressure distribution function or uneven wear function. The concentrated uneven wear has strong heritability on the local thickening of strip cross-section contour，which is the negative factor and bad for profile control. Based on the heritability between uneven wear and local thickening，a new model is proposed and implemented. The model parameters are determined by Matlab genetic optimization toolbox. The model is validated experimentally in the plant.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 49-53 [
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54
LIANG Xu，ZHOU Qing-yue，ZHANG Yin-hua，LI Chuang
Analysis of large-size external inclusions in rails
The large-size inclusions in rails can endanger the safety of trains. the large-size inclusions cases of rails in China in recent years and the corresponding chemical composition had been analyzed by using SEM. The result shows that the shape and character of the inclusions in rails had been significantly changed after the equipment transformation and the republication of the new railway industrial standard in China. Large-size external inclusions are mostly introduced by casting system. Refractory and mould fluxes in rails had a great impact on the fatigue property， of which the rails factories need to attract enough attention.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 54-58 [
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59
ZHOU Peng，HUI Kai，ZANG Tao，JIN Sai-te
Analysis of oxide scales microstructure of hot rolled duplex stainless steel 2205 strip
As one of the essential factors， the microstructure of oxide scales on the duplex stainless steel 2205， is crucial for pickling quality of the hot rolled strips. The investigation and analysis process of the microstructure of different oxide scales on the duplex stainless steel 2205 by OM， SEM and XRD was illustrated. The results show that a lot of cracks were presented on the oxide scales of hot rolled strip， accompanied by local oxide scales falling off， which helped enhancing the pickling speed； the thickness of different scales was about 10 μm. However， the increasing of scale thickness and the surface roughness between the oxide scales and metallic substrates in local region caused difficult pickling of oxide scales； the complex and multiple phase composition (remained Fe2SiO4 and Cr2O3·FeO ) of oxide scales led to more challenging process of pickling duplex stainless steel 2205.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 59-62 [
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63
MA Jiang-nan，YANG Cai-fu，WANG Rui-zhen
Effect of temperature on microstructure of microalloyed steel in temperature-reversion deforming process
The microstructure evolution of microalloyed steel deformed in dual-phase region after heating was studied by single pass thermal-compression simulation. And the effect of heating temperature was analyzed. OM， SEM and EBSD were applied to investigate the microstructure and orientation relationship. The results show that austenite formed at prior grain boundary after heating to different temperature. The fraction of austenite at 740-800 ℃ was about 20%， and it increased sharply to 50% at 830 ℃. Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization took place in the deformed ferrite after heated to dual-phase region. With the increase of temperature， dynamic recovery of deformed ferrite transforms to dynamic recrystallization， which reduced the amount of subgrain. Homogeneous refined ferrite was obtained by deforming at 830 ℃. The fraction of high angle grain boundary reached to 91.2%， and the effective grain diameter was 3.9 μm.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 63-68 [
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69
JIA Guo-xiang，，WANG Cun-yu，，SONG Wen-ying，SHI Jie，MA Jie，DONG Han
Effects of initial quenched martensite on microstructure and mechanical properties of quenching and partitioning steel
Effects of initial martensite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of quenching and partitioning (Q&P)low alloy steel were investigated. The microstructure characterization and austenite fraction measurement were carried out in scanning electron microscopy and X-rays diffraction. It was found that with increasing fraction of initial martensite， the size and amount of fresh martensite decreased gradually， and the volume fraction of retained austenite increased firstly and then decreased， the maximum volume fraction of retained austenite of 16.92% was obtained when the initial martensite fraction was 40%. The higher ductility and the product of the tensile strength to total elongation could be obtained with the initial martensite fraction ranging from 30%-70%， the martensite matrix of steel guaranteed?the high strength， and the TRIP effect of retained austenite during deformation improved the ductility of steel.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 69-74 [
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75
XUE Cheng-cheng，，WANG Li-min，JIANG Ye-hua，LIU Zheng-dong，YANG Gang
Effect of Ti content on microstructure and performance of LF2 alloy
Equilibrium precipitation phases of LF2 alloys were studied by using a thermodynamic Thermo-Calc software， microstructure and mechanical properties of LF2 alloys bearing different Ti content were studied by using scanning electron microscopy， transmission electron microscopy， subtle phase analysis and tensile test. The results show that γ′ phase is diffusely distributed in transgranular substantially spherical which size is about 20 nm. Laves phase precipitated with fibrous and block in the grain boundary. With the increase of Ti content of， the content of γ′ phase increased， Ti content has increased 0.92 percent， the quality percentage of Laves phase is 1.35 times of the original， the content of Laves phase increased， transforming fibrous into short clavate shape. With the increase of Ti content， the strength of LF2 alloys increases， strengthening effect of γ′ phase is relatively weak， but γ′ phase is still the main strengthening phase.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 75-80 [
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81
ZHANG Hui-ning，LAI Chao-bin，LU Yong-ming，XU An-jun，HE Dong-feng，TIAN Nai-yuan
Kinetic model of calcium leaching for steelmaking slag based on Gamma particle size distribution
In order to discuss the effect of particle size distribution on calcium leaching rate and controlling step of reaction process when EAF slag is utilized for CO2 sequestration. Kinetic model is established for EAF slag leaching in 0.05 mol/L acetic acid solution， taking with an average size of 20 μm， different coefficient variation [(CV)] EAF slag as the object， and the model is solved with software Mathematica8.0， which is verified by experiments. The calculated results show that the calcium leaching rate keeps stable for 70 min， when coefficient variation increases， the reaction rate increases before 70 min， and turns down after that. The chemical reaction controlling for leaching process becomes worse， in correspondingly， diffusion controlling firstly turns better then worse， and has the best value for[CV＝0.7].It can be concluded that by comparison with experimental results， kinetic model for calcium leaching based on Gamma particle size distribution can describe the process of EAF slag leaching in acetic acid solution.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 81-87 [
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HUANG Pei-zheng，DONG Ya-feng，HOU Quan-shi，SHA Yong-zhi
Development and application about on-line monitoring system of hot metal drainage of blast furnace
To achieve the detection of the hot metal and slag flow，three parameters must be detected which includes the metal flow velocity， the tap hole diameter and the mass increase rate of the hot metal ladle. According to physicochemical property of the high temperature liquid metal and slag， it is difficult to achieve accurate direct measurement. A non-contact measuring method for hot metal and slag flow is proposed after research and field trip. Based on the Doppler effect， the metal and slag drainage rate of Shougang Jingtang 5 500 m3 blast furnace was measured on-line，and at the same time video camera monitors the section of tapping hole， and the change of tap hole diameter was recorded and observed in real time. Combining the mass increase rate of hot metal in the weighing system of iron ladle， analyzing and calculating the metal and slag drainage rate and slag ratio of blast furnace， verifying the reliability of detection system in contrast with the actual theoretical value.
2015 Vol. 50 (5): 88-92 [
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