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2016 Vol. 51 No. 11
Published: 2016-11-15
1
LI Xin-chuang
Review of steel industry in the 12th Five-Year Period and future development
This article makes a review of the steel industry in the 12th Five-Year Period from seven aspects such as major influence on national economy， product quality， service level， process equipment， environmental protection and standardization， technical innovation as well as resources security system. Meanwhile it illustrates some key issues of the steel industry such as excess capacity， debt crisis etc. Then the article creatively put forward strategic orientations of Chinese steel industry covering import and export， layout， restructuring， resources， innovation， intelligence， green development etc.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 1-6 [
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ZHOU Yi-jun， DAI Yun-hong， JIANG Guang-rui
Analysis of global patents technology on Zn-Al-Mg coated steel sheets in recent 20 years
Based on Orbit patent analysis system database， the profile of international patents of Zn-Al-Mg coated steel sheets is analyzed in terms of overall development trends， geographic distributions of publication countries， and key technology fields of top inventors. From 1994 to 2013， some important patents and technology trends in the field of global Zn-Al-Mg coated steel sheets are sorted and discussed. It is analyzed that foreign well-known iron and steel enterprise with the latest Zn-Al-Mg coated steel steets’ technology trends. It is found that main Zn-Al-Mg coated steel sheets patent assignees in China are NISSHIN STEEL， NSSMC and JFE.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 7-13 [
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LUO Guo-ping， LIU An-kang， WANG Yong-bin， ZHU Jian-guo
Effect of MgO on reduction swelling index of pellets containing K， Na and F
The harmful elements K， Na and F in iron ore from Baotou will result in abnormal reduction swelling of pellet which can be resisted effectively by the MgO content. The reduction swelling index in stages (Fe2O3→Fe3O4，Fe3O4→[FexO，][FexO]→Fe) was measured， the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to study the morphology of roasting and reduction samples. It was found that MgO promoted the formation of magnesium ferrite and suppressed the reduction swelling index of sample with 0.3% F content during Fe2O3→Fe3O4. While the reduction swelling index was accelerated by MgO in sample with 0.6% F content during Fe2O3→Fe3O4. The effect of MgO content on the reduction swelling index during the transformation of Fe3O4→FexO was impacted by the content difference of K， Na and F. MgO inhibits the reduction swelling index of the third stage by suppressing the growth of iron whiskers.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 14-18 [
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19
GAO Bing， XIAO Hong， KONG De-wen， ZHANG Wen-qiang， LI Jie
Influence of additives on coke metallurgical properties and microstructures
In order to investigate the metallurgical properties and microstructures， the highly reactive ferro-cokes were produced by using additives including blast furnace dust and iron ores in a coke oven with the capacity of 40 kg. It could be found that the coke reactivity increased greatly with the additives. Iron oxide was mostly reduced to iron existing inside the coke in the form of spherical particles which was capable of catalyzing the gasification reaction of coke. With the increase of additive proportion， the material containing iron began to concentrate in some local areas of coke， and these areas became larger， thus resulting in the catalytic effect of Fe weakened greatly. It is proposed that the effective contact between iron particle and carbon is the main factor affecting the catalytic effect of Fe.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 19-25 [
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XI Xiao-jun， LAI Chao-bin， GAN Lei， DENG Zhi-hao， PENG Yuan-long
Melting properties and viscosity of ferromanganese dephosphorization slag containing Ce2O3
The ferromanganese dephosphorization slags containing Ce2O3 have been prepared in vertical tubular furnace in this research. The melting properties and viscosity of slags have been achieved with TG-DTA thermal analysis instrument （HCT-2） and viscometer type （model RTW-10）， respectively. The results showed that the initial melting temperature and complete melting temperature of slags rose slightly with the increase of the content of Ce2O3 when the value of R was 1.05， and the peak values were 1 121.6 and 1 282.1 ℃， respectively. When the value of[R]was 0.97， the initial melting temperature and complete melting temperature decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of[w(Ce2O3)]and the minimum values were 1 008.8 ℃ and 1 148.5 ℃， respectively when the content of[w(Ce2O3)]was 3%. The viscosity of dephosphorization slags decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of[w(Ce2O3)]， and the minimum values were 0.378 and 0.308 Pa·s as[w(Ce2O3)]was 3 % when the values of[R]were 1.05 and 0.97， respectively. The slags [w(Ce2O3)]was 3 % showed good melting and fluidity properties.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 26-29 [
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GE Jin-peng， LI Jing， SHI Cheng-bin， WANG Peng
Effect of high-basicity refining slag on cleanliness of bearing steel GCr15
The effect of high-basicity refining slag on the total oxygen content and inclusions in bearing steel GCr15 has been studied by laboratory slag/steel reaction equilibrium experiments. Combined the experimental results with thermodynamic analysis， the changes of the total oxygen content， inclusion size distribution， particle size and evolution of inclusions were investigated. The obtained results showed that the total oxygen content could be lowered to 0.000 6% and the average size of oxide inclusions was minium as 2.26 μm using the refining slag of 59.4%CaO-24.8%Al2O3-9.8%SiO2-6%MgO. With the increase of Mg and Ca contents in steel， the evolution of oxide inclusions was： Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3→MgO→CaO-Al2O3-MgO complex inclusion(MgO surrounded by CaO-Al2O3). At the earlier stage of slag/steel reaction， the dominant inclusions in steel was MgO·Al2O3， whereas the inclusions were mainly MgO and CaO-Al2O3-MgO at the later stage. The evolution of oxide inclusions observed in the experiments agreed well with that predicted by thermodynamic calculation. The size of most oxide inclusions was smaller than 5 μm.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 30-35 [
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36
LIN Han， YUE Feng，， WU Hua-jie，， CHEN Zheng-quan
Numerical simulation of effects of alloying elements on solidification structure of 20CrMnTi billets
In order to improve the solidification structure of 20CrMnTi billet， a moving boundary method was used to simulate the temperature distribution of 20CrMnTi billets in continuous casting. On this basis， using CAFE （cellular automaton-finite element analysis） approach， the solidification structure of 20CrMnTi billets were studied by numerical simulation. When the simulation results and actual results were in a good agreement， the effects of alloying elements， such as Si， Cr， Mn and Ti， on the solidification structure of 20CrMnTi billets were further discussed. The simulation results show that within the specified range of alloying elements of the 20CrMnTi steel， with the appropriate reduction of Si， the proportion of the billet equiaxed grains in the center increased， and the number of grains increased， hence the average grain radius reduced. Properly increasing the content of Cr could enhance the ratio of equiaxed grains， reduce the average radius of grain and increase the number of grains. The increased content of Mn tended to raise the ratio of equiaxed grains. Finally， based on the simulation results， the alloy element of the 20CrMnTi steel was adjusted to expand the area of equiaxed grain in the billet center and refine the grain size.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 36-42 [
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CHANG Yi， HOU Zi-bing， WANG Wei， XU Yun
Characteristics and mechanism of carbon element and manganese element distribution along casting direction in high-carbon billet
In order to reduce the unevenness of the segregated elements distribution （C and Mn） along the casting direction， the distribution characteristics and mechanism of C and Mn in continuous-casting 70 high-carbon-steel[（w([C])＝]0.7%） billets （170 mm×170 mm） along the casting direction is studied. The distributions of C and Mn are measured at typical positions， which are located in columnar zone， mixed zone and equiaxed zone at both left and right sides of the central vertical section of the continuous-casting billet. Firstly， it is shown that there are significant fluctuations in C and Mn content at the central vertical section of the continuous-casting 70 high-carbon-steel billet along the casting direction， and C has greater fluctuation level than Mn. Moreover， both C and Mn contents not only become more even at different positions， but also fluctuate less obviously along the casting direction after adopting deep-cold process. Finally， in columnar zone， mixed zone and equiaxed zone， fluctuation level of C contents locating along the casting direction is in accordance with their second dendrite arm spacing （SDAS）， namely， the shorter the latter， the smaller the former.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 43-48 [
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49
BIAN Hao， SHAO Jian， XIA Xiao-ming， QIU Zeng-shuai， HE An-rui
Residual stress reduction of hot rolling strip based on finite element method and experiment
Study on residual stress reduction can improve strip shape quality. Finite element method and the corresponding experimental verification have been widely used in industrial production. Research on temperature and stress coupled model based on finite element and experimental verification in the process of hot rolling laminar cooling is of positive significance for solving strip uneven transverse cooling，uneven stress and buckling. By using ABAQUS finite element method，temperature and stress coupled model of laminar cooling on hot strip mill is established，and the coupling calculation of temperature，phase transformation and stress is realized. Temperature test， material microstructure test and stress test are used for model validation. The result shows that the initial temperature difference in strip transverse direction and the edge masking are significant to reduce residual stress. In this paper，an example is given to reduce the strip residual stress by improving the distribution of initial temperature difference，and the correctness of the proposed method and the conclusion is verified.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 49-54 [
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55
MA Xiao-bao， WANG Dong-cheng，， ZHANG Long， LIU Hong-min，， QU Yi-zhen
Backup roll matching strategy for UCM mill driven by work roll
Roll is an important consumable in iron and steel enterprises. The reduction of roll consumption is also one of the requirements to reduce costs and increase benefits for iron and steel enterprises. Strip broken and adhesion are prone to happen in silicon steel production. It maybe cause backup roll （BUR） to generate surface spalling and crack. Therefore，the wear and tear of rolls increase and the matching between rolls becomes difficult. Reasonable strategy for the matching among various roll diameters can facilitate the roll management and reduce unnecessary grinding quantity and cost. However，backup roll is one of the important components affecting the rolling stability. The effects of the difference between backup roll diameter in work roll driving UCM mill on driving torque in acceleration and deceleration process were analyzed according to dynamics principle. The effects of the flattening rate between backup roll and intermediate roll （IMR） on the strip thickness setting and the controlling precision were analyzed based on the principle of elastic mechanics. The latest application shows that a reasonable strategy for the matching among various roll diameters not only will not affect the manufacturing process，but also is benefit to the roll management and the cost reduction.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 55-60 [
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61
LI Hong-bin，，， XU Shu-cheng， FENG Yun-li ， TIAN Ya-qiang， YU En-lin，
Influence of annealing process on microstructure and mechanical property of cold rolled medium carbon steel
To research the effect of annealing process on microstructure evolution and mechanical property of medium cold rolled carbon steel was investigated by means of OM，SEM，XRD，micro-hardness tester and Universal tester. The results show that during soaking at 500 ℃，the recovery was the main soften mechanism，lengthened ferrite grains slightly recrystallized until the soaking time reached 30 min and most lamellar cementite remained，the decreasing of micro-hardness was not obvious after holding for 10 min. During soaking at 600 ℃，the main softening mechanism was recrystallization，some lengthened ferrite grains remained with soaking time of 20 min and most lamellar cementite transformed into spheroidization which concentrated at the original pearlite area，the micro-hardness decreased sharply with the increase of soaking time. The recrystallization completed until the soaking time reached 30 min. When the soaking temperature was 700 ℃ and the soaking time was 10 min，the recrystallization could complete，and the distribution of cementite particle was very uniform，the micro-hardness decreased little with soaking time from 10 min to 30 min，the density of γ fiber texture decreased with the increase of soaking time and temperature，while the density of (110）<001> and γ’fiber texture increased. The best combination of strength and toughness was obtained at 700 ℃ and 10 min.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 61-67 [
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68
ZHAI Guo-li， WANG Qi-jiang
Effect of Cr content on microstructure and property of P92 steel
According to the customer’s requirements of increasing the minimum Cr content of P92 from 8.5% to 9.0% within ASME Standard for high-pressure boiler tube， the current study compared tensile property， microstructure and high temperature creep property with two different Cr contents， the upper limit and the lower limit. The amounts of high temperature δ-ferrite under different heating temperature have been tested and discussed for P92 steel with upper limit Cr content.The test showed that after increasing Cr content， the room temperature strength and high temperature creep strength will be enhanced while the impact property and the area reduction and elongation after high temperature creep reduced， thus， the probability of no-alarming cracking of tube under high temperature service will be highly enhanced. Controlling the heating temperature of P92 can control the formation of δ ferrite.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 68-72 [
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WANG Lei， TANG Di， SONG Yong
Prediction model for microstructures and properties on hot strip rolling
Based on physical metallurgy theory, the models for austenite grain growth, austenite recrystallization, austenite transformation and machanical properties were studied. In the model of austenite recrystallization, the effect of retained strain on deformation resistance was described by the variation of dislocation density. The kinetics of austenite transformation was described with the kinetics of austenite-ferrite interface migration on the basis of carbon diffusion theory. A prediction system for microstructures and properties was developed based on the metallurgical physics models. The system included four modules to calculate the parameters of microstructures and properties in furnace, rough rolling, finish rolling, laminar cooling and after coiling, respectively. Manufacturing processes were improtant as the input parameters for the system. The system calculation was based on the actual production datas from one steel mill. A good agreement was reached between the predicted and measured values of mechanical properties.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 73-78 [
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79
DENG Wan-li
Process features and technical analysis of gas system in Zhanjiang Iron and Steel Company
By-product gases are valuable secondary energy in the iron and steel enterprises. The planning and construction of gas system in Zhanjiang Iron and Steel Company absorbed and optimized the technical experience and management philosophy of Baosteel，such as the mature gas recovery purification process to ensure gas quality，the large-scale gas mixing and booting station for centralized management，the advanced Energy Center platform for reliable process control and the adoption of a number of energy-saving technology for gas utilization. It has laid a good foundation for the management of gas resources， the energy-saving and emission reduction in the company.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 79-86 [
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CHEN Zhi-yong， WANG Jing-bo， TIAN Yong
Numerical simulation of scarfing machine burners flame characteristics
Scarfing machine system is a method to remove surface defects using hot flame cutting and melting， to obtain products with high quality. The research is mainly focused on improving process precision， optimizing control process and allocating mediums. Investigation on scarfing flame using CFD simulation can clearly reflect the flame characteristics， reveal the essence and solve practical problems. In the current study， a numerical simulation model of flow field was calculated based on the scarfing units in Ansteel Co. Ltd， the process from the state of preheating to the state of scarfing was researched based on CFD transient combustion simulation. This paper discussed the flame characteristics and the growth rhythm of molten pool by analyzing the temperature and velocity fields under different conditions. The results provided certain theoretical basis of functional characteristics and optimization design of burner.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 87-92 [
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SUN Jian-liang， QIU Chou-wu， PENG Yan， DONG Zhi-kui， CHANG Rong-wei
Combined electromagnetic and thermal FEM modeling of heavy cylinder during induction heating process
The three dimensional electromagnetic-thermal model of heavy cylinder during induction heating process was established based on ANSYS and ANSOFT Maxmell software. Considering the problem of corner effect during induction heating， the following three solutions were proposed： Changing the rectangular coil to the I-type coil； Welding a heat-treatment ring at the end of the heavy cylinder； Welding a heat-treatment ring at the end of the heavy cylinder and also adding magnetic conductor at the end of the coil. The distribution of temperature and stress under different solutions were simulated in the current study. The simulation results show that the end of heavy cylinder would be overheated and burned because of the corner effect and the high magnetic flux density at the end of heavy cylinder when the rectangular coil was used for induction heating. The corner effect was weakened by using I-type coil during induction heating process， but it caused the insufficient temperature at the end of heavy cylinder after heating. Welding heat-treatment ring at the end of the heavy cylinder was an effective method to remove the corner effect， but the end of the heavy cylinder was still overheated. By welding heat-treatment ring at the end of the heavy cylinder and also adding magnetic conductor at the end of the coil， not only could the corner effect be removed， but also the overall heating effect was improved. Meanwhile， the thermal stress was acceptable for the heavy cylinder material.
2016 Vol. 51 (11): 93-96 [
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