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2018 Vol. 53 No. 1
Published: 2018-01-15
1
WANG Hai-feng，QIN Song，JIANG Xi，ZHANG Chun-xia
Research development of VOCs emission reduction during iron ore sintering in steel industry
A source of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） is iron ore sintering process. At present，the status of the VOCs emissions in Chinese steel industry is no standard，unmonitored and undetected. The amount of VOCs emissions is not clear. The VOCs emissions status and standards of steel industry in China and abroad were summarized. The VOCs formation in iron ore sintering process was analyzed. They were formed from volatile material in the coke breeze，oily mill scale，etc. and discharged as the form of gas. There are three ways to reduce VOCs emissions： source reduction，process control and treatment in the end. Source reduction is to reduce the oil content in the dust and mill scale. It is the best choice for the VOCs inhibition. Process control is that the parts of the sintering waste gas are introduced into the sintering layer. The VOCs in the hot waste gas are decomposed through the sintering zone with more than 1 300 ℃. Treatment in the end is active carbon method and MEROS method. These technologies have been used in some Chinese steel plants. With the VOCs standard to be formulated，the VOCs emissions of iron ore sintering in Chinese steel industry is expected to meet the standard with the existing technologies.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 1-7 [
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LI Jun，LIU Dai-fei，SHI Xian-ju，CHEN Xu-ling
Progress of iron ore matching patterns in sinter process
As the economy steps into the new normal phase， Chinese iron and steel industry enters into the stage of innovation-driven and connotation development. It is vital for sintering production to further improve the comprehensive technical and economic index of iron ore blending. The methods and description models of iron ore matching were summarized， and a uniform expression and configuration mode of iron ore match computering was proposed. This solution integrated five indexs， i.e. procedure， characteristics， technical， economic and environmental information indicators. The application of sintering ore matching technology and patternization of iron ore match information were discussed， and a new prospect for sintering ore matching research was explored combined with the configuration model of ore blending.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 8-16 [
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17
LIU Cheng-xin，YU Jun-jie，ZHANG Ze-qiang，ZHANG Han-quan
Influence of damp milling on properties of artificial magnetite pellets
Artificial magnetite has incomplete crystal structure， and the internal structure of ore has a high degree of nonuniformity， which has different effects on its surface activity and specific surface area. These factors have a decisive influence on the performance of the artificial magnetite concentrate. The effect of damp milling on artificial magnetite pellets is explored. Damp milling technology is one of the most effective operations on improving pellet’s quality. To research the effect of damp milling on surface properties of artificial magnetite concentrate， pelletizing ability and properties of roasting pellets， with artificial magnetite concentrate from Fujian and Jiuquan as the raw material， a series of pelletizing tests were performed on the pretreated materials. The results show that size distribution of artificial magnetite particle is more reasonable for balling， surface morphology is changed， the specific surface area and surface activity are improved significantly， pelletizing ability are ameliorated， the drop strength and compressive strength are increased， the dosage of bentonite is decreased， but the shock temperature is dropping. As the particles accumulate more closely in the ball， the porosity of the pellets is reduced and the contact area of the particles is increased. At the same time， the surface irregularity of mineral particles increases， which not only makes the solid-phase diffusion reaction easier and can effectively improve the compressive strength of the artificial magnetite concentrate after roasting， but also reduces the roasting temperature and the calcination time without affecting the strength of the fired ball. This method will reduce the total energy consumption for enterprises.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 17-23 [
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24
WU En-hui，HOU Jing，LI Jun，MA Lan，YANG Shao-li
Experiment on solid state reduction of non-natural basicity carbon-containing pellet of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite at high temperature
In order to investigative the high temperature solid state reduction law of non-natural basicity carbon-containing pellet of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite，with vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite as raw materials， effects of reduction temperature， reduction time， alkalinity and carbon ratio on solid state reduction of non-natural basicity carbon-containing pellet of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite at high temperature were studied in the laboratory， and the phase compositions of metallization pellet were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the metallization ratio of the pellet increases with reasonable control of reduction temperature， reduction time， basicity and increased carbon ratio. The TiCN of the metallization pellet has been produced when the reduction temperature is above 1 400 ℃. The TiCN formation might be restrained by increasing the basicity， and increasing carbon ratio was favorable to the formation of TiCN. The optimal solid state reduction conditions for the quality requirements of metallization pellet in the subsequent melting process are as follows， reduction temperature of 1 350 ℃， basicity of 1.0， reduction time of 30 min， and carbon ratio of 1.3. Under the optimal conditions， the metallization ratio and carbon content of the pellet are 93.72% and 6.08%， respectively， and the main phase of metallization pellet are anosovite and iron.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 24-28 [
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29
CHEN Chuan，AN Gang
Activity index and improvement measure of BF hearth
With the increasing of smelting intensity， more and more attention has been paid to the activity of BF hearth by the operators. In order to reasonably evaluate the hearth activity and guide the blast furnace production，the influencing factors of the hearth activity were analyzed quantitatively by the definition of activity index of BF hearth. Meanwhile， main measures were put forward to improve hearth activity according to smelting practice. The results indicate that the influencing factors of hearth activity include the intrinsic property of stock column and physical characteristics. The hearth activity can be improved by enhancing the coke size and void ratio and decreasing slag viscosity. During smelting process， the blast volume， hot metal temperature， pulverized coal injection and alkali load must be optimized in order to enhance the coke update rate and reduce the coke degradation， which can improve the hearth activity.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 29-33 [
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34
DENG Zhi-yin，ZHOU Ye-lian，ZHU Miao-yong
Effect of state of inclusions on removal in Al-killed liquid steel
In order to study the effect of the state of inclusions on their removal in liquid steel， industrial trials were carried out to investigate the relationship between the total oxygen content and the types of inclusions， while water modelling in laboratory was also conducted to reveal the removal behaviors at the steel-slag interface. The difference between solid and liquid inclusions removal was discussed based on the industrial and laboratory results. It is found that the calcium treatment before RH would evidently limit the capacity of RH to remove inclusions， and this method is not suitable for steel grades that requires an ultra-low total oxygen content. The state of inclusions has an obvious effect on the separation behavior of inclusion at the steel-slag interface. Compared with solid inclusions， liquid inclusions are more difficult to be removed， for they need much longer time to separate from the interface， and usually will be brought back to liquid steel by the steel flow before their separation. To reduce total oxygen content as much as possible， solid and non-wetting inclusions are expected to form during the refining process of Al-killed steel grades.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 34-40 [
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41
ZHOU Wei-ji，SHA Yu-feng，LU Hui，ZHAO Jun-pu，LIU Liu
Solidification end and heavy reduction zone for continuous casting bloom GCr15
A two-dimensional non-steady-state heat transfer model was established for the working conditions of bloom GCr15 with the section size of 380 mm×490 mm， and the verification was made on the basis of the pin penetration tests. The calculation results have shown that the solidification end significantly influenced by casting speed， while the effects of superheat and specific water are much lower than casting speed. The solidification end will fluctuate about 0.5 m if casting speed varies 0.01 m/min. However， the distance of solidification endpoint from meniscus will increase 0.3 m if superheat increases 10 ℃. By comparison， the distance increases only 0.15 m if specific water decreases 0.02 L/kg. The internal quality of bloom was not improved when heavy reduction was applied at lower solid fraction， and resulting serious internal cracks with the grade 2.0. By adjusting the casting speed， heavy reduction was applied at higher solid fraction. Center segregation grade was remarkably reduced from 2.0 to 1.0， center porosity grade and shrinkage cavity grade were significantly decreased to 0.5， and the internal cracks was eliminated.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 41-45 [
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54
WANG Shui-ze，LIU Yang，SUN Yi-qiang，HU Kuan-hui
Control technology of oxide scale for thin gauge hot rolled strip in CSP process
In order to study the influence of the main process parameters on the oxide scale of hot rolled strip， the nidustry experiment was carried out on the basis of CSP production line. The results show that the thickness of the strip has an important influence on the thickness of the oxide scale，and the thickness of oxide scale is unevenly distributed along the width of the stripdue to the difference of oxygen supply. By adjusting the final rolling temperature and laminar cooling method，the thickness of oxide scale can be reduced，but the effect is not obvious. Decreasing the coiling temperature is beneficial to promote the occurrence of eutectoid reaction of FeO，increase the ratio of α-Fe+Fe3O4，and improve the adhesion of oxide scale at room temperature. The distribution of oxide scales in the width of strip is uneven，and the eutectoid reaction of FeO in the middle is more adequate.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 54-58 [
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56
CUI Ya-ya，BAI Zhen-hua，，CUI Xi-ying，LIU Shuo-yang，JIANG Qing-lin，GUO Qian-yong
Strip edge drop prediction model of six-high cold rolling mill
In order to solve the problem that strip edge drop study is mainly based on the analysis of thickness reduction without involving the strip drop area width and it goes against on-site control，the six-high mill unit was taken as the research object，fully combined with the cold rolling equipment and characteristics and a new method of describing the edge drop was proposed by using the four characteristic parameters such as the edge drop area width，the average drop thickness，the central drop thickness and the maximum drop thickness. After analyzing formation mechanism of strip edge drop through the roll flattening coefficient distribution along the work roll and the transverse flow of the internal metal of the strip，a corresponding mixed correction model of elastic flattening coefficient was established. Then，based on the above research，a set of strip edge drop forecast model for six-high mill was established，and the corresponding method of calculating the weighted elastic flattening coefficient was obtained，which laid theoretical foundation for the control of strip edge drop during the cold rolling.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 56-53 [
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ZHANG Li-gang，HUO Guang-he，XIAO Hong，XIE Hong-biao，HE Zi-yi
Numerical simulation of vibration stress relief treatment of 304 stainless steel cold rolled strip
Reducing and homogenizing the residual stress in cold-rolled strip is an important goal to prevent plate-shaped defects. Numerical simulated by elastic-plastic finite element method，the cold rolled strip with residual stress was obtained，and the numerical simulation of the aging process was carried out，the improvement of the residual stress in the strip was obtained by the parameters of vibration. The results show that the vibration stress relief process has a significant reduction and homogenization effect on the residual stress of strip. The principle of exciting force selection is the sum of the dynamic stress and the initial residual stress to reach the yield limit of the material and less than the tensile limit of the material. The excitation frequency is chosen to be close to the natural frequency. The excitation time can be determined based on the sum of the dynamic stress generated by the exciting force during the vibration process and the residual stress of the strip begins to be less than the yield limit.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 59-64 [
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65
WANG Qi-ming，CHENG Guo-guang，HUANG Yu
Morphology and precipitation mechanism of large carbides in M2 high speed steel
The types and precipitation behavior of carbides in M2 high speed steel were studied. On the one hand，the scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology and distribution of carbides，and the chemical composition of these carbides was detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy. On the other hand，the Thermo-Calc was used to calculate the precipitation of carbides in equilibrium and Scheil model meanwhile. In the M2 HSS after annealing，the large carbides distributed along the network，which included MC，M6C，M2C carbides and mixture of them. After forging，the zonal distribution and accumulation of carbides arised in M2 HSS. MC and M6C carbides precipitate at 1 294 and 1 288 ℃ respectively in equilibrium，higher than the austenitizing temperature. However，in Scheil solidification，MC，M6C and M2C carbide would precipitate in turn. It is difficult to eliminate large carbides in M2 HSS through heat treating and forging，but controlling the precipitation of carbides could be of great significance.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 65-71 [
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XIAO Rui，，，YANG Ming，，
Stable growth model on fatigue crack propagation of low carbon martensitic steel 20CrMnTiH
The relationship between quenching process and its effect on mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth rate （FCGR） in the low carbon martensitic 20CrMnTiH steel was analyzed. The mechanical performances and crack propagation Paris models in steady growth region of different heat treatment were obtained by testing. The microstructures which heat to 1 100 ℃ austenitizing temperature and quenching in ice salt water exhibited high fatigue crack propagation resistances，the lowest FCG rates. Meanwhile，a generalized crack growth model based on tensile properties is established for 20CrMnTiH steel which show an accurate prediction of crack growth rate at a stress ratio of 0.1.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 72-78 [
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79
LI Hui，，SHI Chun-li，，YIN Hong-xia，ZHU Zhen-feng
Bake harden behavior and microstructure evolution of automotive DP780 steel
The influence of pre-strain and bake process on harden ability of DP780 steel was studied. The mechanical properties was tested and the microstructure was investigated by optical microscope，TEM and EBSD. The results indicate that with the increasing of pre-strain，the BH value has increasing trend in the beginning and reaches the peak value（45 MPa）while the pre-strain is 8%，and then has a decreasing trend. The influence of pre-strain on BH value is based on the influencing on movable dislocation density. With the increasing of bake temperature and time，the BH value has a increasing trend. The BH value improves 30 MPa while the bake temperature enhances from 150 to 210 ℃，while only 10 MPa when bake time enhances from 20 to 100 min. This presents that the bake temperature has more obvious effect.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 79-82 [
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83
LI Li，，XIAO Zong-yi，，LIU Yu，，ZHOU Huan-neng，，JIA Dong-mei，
Effects of precipitation AlN on fish-scaling of cold-rolled enamel steel DC01
In order to study the effects of precipitation AlN on fish-scaling of cold-rolled enamel steel DC01，using the different coiling temperature 580，610 and 640 ℃，to control the precipitation of AlN after annealing and the simulation enamel test have been done to analyses the effects for the different coiling samples after annealing. The result shows that when the coiling temperature is 580 ℃， the precipitation is Fe3C particles mainly after annealing and the size of precipitation is about 500 nm. There are a large dispersion of precipitation of AlN in the sheet when the coiling temperature increased to 640 ℃，the size of precipitation is about 50 nm. The precipitation of AlN will improve the hydrogen storage performance of steel and avoid fish-scale defects.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 83-87 [
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88
JU Dian-chun，，QIU Jia-yong，，XU Min-ren，，ZHANG Jun，WANG Hai-feng，QI Yuan-hong
Effect of carbon on rate and thermodynamics of sodium reaction of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag
In order to recycle titanium fromtitanium-bearing blast furnace slag with high efficiency, a new process for comprehensive utilization of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag is explored. Sodium modification feasibility of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag is analyzed through thermodynamic calculation. According to the result of thermodynamic calculation，the feasibility of sodium modification reaction of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag is indicated under temperature of 1 423 K when the melting point of sodium carbonate is higher than 1 124 K. The empirical study on sodium modification of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag is carried out through congruent melting of phosphorous slag. According to the results，carbon can facilitate the sodium modification of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag. Along with the increase of carbon content，the sodium rate of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag increases. When the titanium-bearing blast furnace slag particle size[d0]is 0.075 mm and the carbon content reaches[nC∶][nNa2CO3＝]2[∶]1， under the conditions of 1 423 K holding 2 h，the sodium rate of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag will reach 78% and maintain a stable state.
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 88-93 [
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HE Xiao-li，LIU Ju-shuang
Roll end forced-contract problems and roll profile technology in sheets rolling process
In order to improve the higher actual roll force and worse quality of the sheets shape with hard thin specification tin plates in 1420 UCM cold continuous rolling mill，theoretical analysis with FEM method and field experiment were applied. The reasons to those problems are revealed and the technological solutions to those problems are determined. On the basis of the FEM analysis and roll profile design software，a new polynomial curve of the working roll profile was proposed. Practical applications showed that the forced-contract was efficiently alleviated，obtaining good applicative effectiveness. The probability of plates defect occurs from 33.3% originally down to 5.2% .
2018 Vol. 53 (1): 94-100 [
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