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2010 Vol. 45 No. 3
Published: 2010-03-15
综合论述
1
Low Carbon Economy and Iron and Steel Industry
Despite of natural causes (like volcano, solar activities, etc.), climate warming is also caused by green house gases emitted by applying fossil fuels in the past 250 years since the industrial revolution taking place. Current iron and steel industry is based on carbon -related metallurgical process. Its CO2 emission (hereinafter referred to as "carbon emission" according to international practice) accounts for 5%-6% of the total carbon emission of the world. Since China is in the middle stage of industrialization and urbanization which is characterized by large amount of production and consumption of iron and steel, the carbon emission of iron and steel industry makes up 15% of the China's total carbon emission. The countermeasures of iron and steel industry in many countries before 2020 are energy saving and emission reducing in BF-BOF process and expanding EAF process. Comparing with the international advanced level, the fuel ratio in China's iron and steel industry is 15%-20% lagging behind. Therefore, there are still some spaces for cutting down carbon emission. In the meantime, by applying blast furnace top gas recycle, and injection of coke oven gas after reforming through blast furnace stack to reduce indirectly by H2/CO gas, carbon emission can be further lowered by 10%-20%. By the mid of this century (about the year of 2050) when renewable energy and nuclear power become mainstream energy sources again, it is possible to develop a next generation of iron and steel making -- "hydrogen reduction".
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 1-1 [
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Investigation of Development of Twin Roll Cast Strip
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2010 Vol. 45 (3): 13-13 [
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原料与炼铁
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WU HAIYONG liu liu
Experimental study on fine coal dewatering by microwave heating
Microwave heating is used to research the moisture content and temperature rising characteristics of fine coal under the laboratory condition. The influenced factors of the dewatering effects during microwave heating are investigated, which are initial moisture content、microwave output power、particle size and sample weight. The results show that fine coal was effectively dewatered by microwave heating, and the primary influential factor is microwave output power. With increasing irradiation time, the dewatering efficiency of sample with different factors tends to be same. The temperature rising characteristics of fine coal dewatering by microwave heating could be divided into three periods: temperature rising fast firstly; secondly, appeared 100℃ constant temperature platform and moisture content reduced rapidly; thirdly, temperature rising slowly while most of moisture was removed.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 18-18 [
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Research on the spiral charging theory of the bell-less top distributor of BF
The definition of spiral charging has been introduced at first, the movement equation of burden has been set up by considering the influences of rotation and inclination of the chute at the same time on the burden movement in the process of spiral charging, then the inclination equation that spiral charging can be realized of the chute has been deduced. At last a example like the ring charging has been given, and the equation has been resolved by using of MATLAB, the calculated result shown that the inclination regular of the chute can be obtained and spiral charging can be realized by the application of this equation.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 23-23 [
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The size of titanium magnetite concentrate on the influence of sintering performance
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 27-27 [
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炼钢
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LIN Qi-Yong
Influence of Steel Grade and Size on Soft Reduction Efficiency in Continuous Casting Slab
Based on the theoretical expression of reduction efficiency, the effects of steel grade and slab size on reduction efficiency were investigated. The results show that the reduction efficiency increases linearly with the increase of slab width, which increased by 4% as the width of slab increased by 15%. The value of reduction efficiency increases by 32% as the slab thickness increases by 15%. And the reduction efficiency becomes larger with the decrease of temperature range between liquidus temperature and solidus temperature. It also can be concluded that reduction efficiency was influenced by slab thickness greatly, and slab width and steel grade have little effect on reduction efficiency.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 32-32 [
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WANG MIN
Study on cleanliness of IF steel first slab
The cleanliness of IF steel first slab produced by BOF-RH-CC and the difference with the cleanliness of normal slab were studied by means of total oxygen and nitrogen content analysis, SLIME, SEM, EDS, etc.. It was found that the T[O] and [N] of first slab were obviously decreasing along casting direction The large-sized inclusions contents of first slab were obviously higher than those of normal slab, and were generally decreasing along casting direction, and were close to those of normal slab after the position of 4.4m along first slab. The distribution of large-sized inclusions was non-homogeneous along thickness direction of slab, which contents of inner arc slab were obviously higher than those of outer arc slab. The size of large-sized inclusions were mainly from 140μm to 300μm and the size over 300μm, which accounted individually for 22.6% and 56.8% of total large-sized inclusions and were from slag entrapment in mould or tundish, reoxidation products and stuffing sand.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 38-38 [
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Study of Ti-deoxidation process and inclusions precipitation behavior with high-efficient and economic H-beam steel used in building
The morphology, chemical composition, size and type of inclusions were investigated in H-beam steel with different deoxidation technology and the effect of Ti content on the inclusions precipitation was analyzed by thermodynamic calculation and laboratory experiment. On this basis, deoxidation process of Ti was practiced in the producing process of H-beam steel used in building in No.3 steelmaking and rolling plant of Maanshan Iron and Steel Co..The quality of products was compared with that under the existing technology. The results showed that the contents of dissolved oxygen and total oxygen in steel were relatively low, inclusions were small and was plastic, the reject rate of rolled products descend and the mechanical properties of products are enhanced.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 42-42 [
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yuchun-wang wang
Practice of Sulfur Content Control during the Smelting of Low-sulfur Steel in LaiwuSteel
Based on the smelting practice of low-sulfur steel, such as J55, L360, the sulfur control technology during the process of “hot metal predesulfurization-converter-LF refining-continuous casting” was analyzed. The key processes of sulfur control are hot metal predesulfurization, converter and LF refining. By using the sulfur control technology during the whole process, the low-sulfur content steel are produced, and among them, the lowest sulfur content is 0.002%.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 49-49 [
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压力加工
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liu jia-wei
Self-learning Determination of the Actuator Efficiency Factors Calculation Model for Flatness of Tandem Mill
In this paper, the concept of evaluation function is defined to describe the characteristics of shape control. The corresponding shape control model based on the evaluation function is given and self adaptation was established and used on1450 tandem mill , So the model can be popularized.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 52-52 [
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Strip Flatness and Gauge Decoupling Control Based on Self-tuning PID with Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network
In view of the process of automatic flatness control and automatic gauge control (AFC-AGC) is a nonlinear system with strong coupling and pure time delay, has established the mathematical model of automatic flatness control and automatic gauge control system. According to the online rolling situation, it confirms the neural network decoupling and proposes to the plastic rigidity parameter choice use scope based on self-tuning PID with diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) decoupling control method, The simulation result indicated that control system has the decoupling effect to be good, and the speed of response is quickly, and has good performances of adaptively tracking target and so on. Meanwhile it also meets the actual rolling requirement, and enhanced effectively strip flatness and gauge control precision.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 57-57 [
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Width Control Study Based on the Tension Adjustment in Finishing Mill Group of Hot Strip Rolling
The TWC control system was designed to control width variations introduced by different reasons in finishing train. The adjustment mechanism is inter-stand tension modifications through changing looper motor currents and angles . According to the width deviations caused by different reasons, control strategy and methodology and control model was given. The control system is composed of four model, which control width deviations due to the width deviations at the exit of the roughing train, width errors due to material hardness variations, periodic width errors and random width errors. With the TWC system, a better uniformity in the width has been improved a lot.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 62-62 [
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钢铁材料
66
FANG Fang
The precipitation behavior in vanadium micro-alloyed steel
A kinetics model based on Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation has been developed to predict the nucleation mechanisms and kinetics of V(C,N) precipitate in austenite in low carbon vanadium micro-alloyed steel (0.05%C-0.08%V) with four nitrogen contents. The results calculated by the model indicate that, the precipitates nucleated preferentially at dislocation; the nose temperature of V(C,N) precipitate in austenite is around 820℃; and the start times to precipitate decrease with increasing nitrogen. The experimental results obtained from stress-relaxation on Gleeble-1500D showed that, the nose temperature is 850 ℃, which shorted the error within 30 ℃.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 66-66 [
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Computing Method of Balanced Solid Solubility of Ternary Second-Phase and its Engineering Application
The rational control of second-phase is significant to improve the comprehensive performance of steel material, and the key point in second-phase controlling is to accurately understand its solid solution and precipitation behavior in iron matrix. The quantitative computation of balanced solid solubility of multiplex second-phase is a difficult problem in this area. This article discussed the thermodynamic model and computing method of solid solution precipitation of ternary second-phase in steel, taking the Nb-V-Ti microalloying carbonitride as an example, and introduced its engineering application in the development of Ti-bearing carbonized gear steel product. Due to the complexity of the theoretical model, we developed a general-purpose calculation software for it, which could automatically compute and analyze the controlling parameters in the model. This software is effectively applicable to the composition design, producing process control and new type development of microalloying steel, and has important practical application value.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 70-70 [
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Aging treatment is performed for microalloyed steel for cold hardening bolt, which can stabilize its microstructure, enhance its strength and reduce its residual stress. A series of process tests are implemented for studying aging rules by means of heating device of heat treatment, and effects of aging processes on microstructures and properties for materials are analyzed by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and tensile tester and so on. The results show that hardness is increased by both raising temperature and delaying aging time, 250~300℃ and 2.5 hours are served as best aging processes to meet manufacture, moreover, aging processes and surface treatment technique may simultaneously be carried out. Additionally，sub-grain boundary，Cottrell atmosphere and dispersion Carbide -nitride are precipitated in the ferrite grain, which mainly results in aging strength. Key words: aging processes; deformation strengthening; bolt; microstructures; properties
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 75-75 [
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xue-wen Hu Le-Yu ZHOU Ya-zheng Liu yi zhang
Research on Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Hot-Rolled DP Steel
Effect of tempering temperature in range of 100~300℃ on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled DP steel with composition of 0.054C-1.18Si-1.16Mn-0.49Cr was studied. It is shown that, tempering temperature has effect on dislocation intensity of ferrite and microstructure of martensite. Dislocation intensity of ferrite decreases with increasing of tempering temperature, meanwhile, martensite tempers and precipitates carbide. Tempering temperature has weak effect on tensile strength of DP steel, but markedly affects the yielding strength and YS/TS ratio. When tempering temperature is over 175℃, yielding strength of DP steel increases and yielding phenomena appears. When tempering temperature is lower than 150℃, yielding strength of DP steel increases appreciably and there is no yield point elongation.
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Hu Wen-Hao
Influence of Aluminum content on the Texture and Performance of GCr15 Draw Steel
This paper deals with the impact of different aluminum content in annealed GCr15 draw steel on the variation of strip texture, microstructure, gain orientation, hardenability n-value, plastic strain ratio r-value and Δr index under the condition of mass production in Hangzhou Iron & Steel Group Co. Experimental results show that within the range of [Al] s=0.017~0.027%, the influence of aluminum on the property of deep-drawing formed GCr15 with high carbon and with low carbon is basically the same. With the increase of aluminum content, the r-value is increased, while the beneficial texture on {111} also go up. However, the r- value of GCr15 steel is much less than that in the low-carbon steel with the same degree of aluminum. While n-value remains more or less the same, Δr index is much smaller, and there is some significant difference in grain orientation. All of these indicate that GCr15 with high carbon has good properties in the above-mentioned aspect, which can meet the requirements of deep forming for common purposes.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 82-82 [
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环保与能源
87
Jing-Cheng XU
Pilot Study on Reclamation of Steel Wastewater Using Constructed Wetlands
Reclamation of mixed treated wastewater discharged from iron and steel enterprises is an effective way to reduce water consumption. The Wai River of the Baosteel is rich of treated wastewater, but its high iron and manganese concentration limits its application in reuse. Constructed wetland with manganese ore media was studied in the reclamation of the steel wastewater. The results showed that Fe, Mn could be removed effectively. The effluent could meet to “The reuse of urban recycling water-Water quality standard for industrial uses”（GB/T 19923-2005）and quality requirements of Baosteel process water. Manganese ore wetland performed stably showing litter dependence on HRT, season alternation, temperature, and etc. The operation cost was lower than the cost of city water, indicating significant economic benefits.
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Study of High Blast Temperature Technology in QIANGANG No.2 Blast Furnace
Limited factor of blast temperature is analyzed as to present state of QIANGANG No.2 blast furnace system put into production, feasibility of high blast temperature is reviewed from facility and material. Blast temperature about 1300℃ is calculated and checked as running parameter, effect of gas flow and air preheated temperature is studied by simulation, blast temperature impacting factor and existing problem of hot blast stove is studied in theory. It shows that blast temperature can be improved in effect by regulating operation parameter of hot blast stove. By high blast temperature test in QIANGANG No.2 blast furnace, practical measure of realizing high blast temperature is summed up and analyzed, it shows that high blast temperature is related with stove operation, and factor of material-fuel and operation affects using high blast temperature in blast furnace. It shows that high blast temperature should be combined with technology such as large coal injection and enriched-oxygen, so it will be realized and bring the effect of energy-saving. The aim of high blast temperature to 1280℃ is realized by this test of high blast temperature, the study above will offer reference for improve blast temperature more.
2010 Vol. 45 (3): 92-92 [
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装备与控制
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Competence and innovation in electrics and automation for ironmaking, steelmaking and continuous casting
Siemens VAI is able to offer a comprehensive suite of automation packages for iron- and steelmaking plants including continuous casting machines. Reliable solutions for power supply and drives as well as innovative technological packages, process control and process optimization systems enable smooth production and the intelligent use of energy and raw materials. The decisive factor for cost-efficient and optimized control of the iron- and steelmaking process is our technological knowledge in the provided packages that have proven to ensure an optimum solution for small revamps as well as entirely new production units. Expert systems for blast furnace and sinter plant have repeatedly demonstrated to cause a reduction in energy consumption and allow the utilization of low grade raw materials such as iron and coke fines. Optimization packages for steelmaking enable cost optimized input of scrap and alloying materials, resulting in very short payback periods. On continuous casters a variety of innovative and proven technological packages as well as models immediately provide quality and productivity improvements. Due to the modular design of the SIMETALCIS components it is possible to install such packages also as stand-alone versions or embedded into existing environments. This paper presents the comprehensive spectrum of proven and cost-effective Siemens VAI electrics and automation solutions, customized to the requirements of the individual steel producers. For the processes depicted in the figure below fully integrated automation systems as well as modular packages can be provided, e.g.: • Process control, i.e. basic automation systems for sequential and closed loop control • Technological control systems • Process optimization packages • Production planning system MES • Energy management system EMS • Computer based quality control systems
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