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2013 Vol. 48 No. 8
Published: 2013-08-15
Technical Reviews
Steelmaking
Metal Forming
Materials
Environmental Protection and Energy
Equipment Technology
Technical Reviews
1
LIU Ya-zheng,ZHOU Le-yu,ZHANG Chao-lei,ZHANG Dan,SUN Jing-hong
Development and Quality Control of Bearing Steel for Heavy Equipment
Hot!
As the construction and application of heavy equipment such as automobile, high speed railway, precision machine and wind power, high requirements including product quality, long fatigue life and reliability have been proposed for the bearing. The bearing steel is the key point to influence the bearing quality, in addition to the structure design and manufacturing precision. Requirement and property of bearing in field of high speed railway, wind power and tunnel boring machine (TBM) were analyzed. Development of bearing steel was introduced. Quality control principle of bearing steel was discussed to achieve the aim of clean, homogenized and refined microstructure. Clean steel is obtained by precise composition, low harmful element amount, carbide eliquation, segregation, solidification defects and inclusion control during melting and solidification. Homogenized and refined microstructure was obtained by controlled rolling and controlled cooling during rolling or forging process, to meeting workability of subsequent process.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 1-8 [
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Raw Materials and Ironmaking
9
TANG Hai-yan,,LI Jing-she,,MENG Wen-jia,SONG Yan-qi
Experimental Research on Coal Based Direct Reduction of High Phosphorous Oolitic Hematite in Heishiban Region of Enshi
To maximize the use of the iron ore resources in Heishiban region of Enshi, its mineralogical composition and structure were investigated by the means of XRD, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results show that its main compositions are hematite and quartz, and hematite and apatite in oolitic particles are distributed in the zonal shape, which decides the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult. So, the method of coal-based direct reduction was adopted in the laboratory to reveal the effect of reduction temperature and time, coal type, additives, and magnetic separation process on the iron grade and recovery rate. The reasonable process parameters were obtained as follows: Hami coal as a reductant, 1573K of roasting reduction temperature and 40min of reduction time, and 15min of grinding time and 280kA/m of magnetic intensity. This process allows 43.21% of concentrate yield and 95.77% of iron grade as well as 92.18% of recovery rate. In addition, the phosphorus grade can be reduced from 0.76% to 0.097%. This research provides a basis for the industrial exploration and utilization of high phosphorus oolitic hematite.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 9-13 [
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14
ZHANG Li-guo, JIANG Zhi-fei, WANG Zai-yi, TONG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Wei, DU Xu-en
Optimum Proportion of Pulverized Injecting Coal and Its Application for 4038m3 BF in Bayuquan
Hot!
Based on the physical-chemical properties of injecting coal in Bayuquan, the mixture schemes of different injecting coal proportion with different coal, which was obtained through optimum design, was used in ironmkaing practice of No.2 BF. The coal ratio of 2 BFs was increased 4.44kg/t（No.1 BF） and 5.78kg/t(No.2 BF), respectively. And the fuel ratio was decreased 14.94 and 13.20kg/t, respectively. This method can reduce the fuel consumption and can improve BF performance compared with traditonal ones.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 14-18 [
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19
MA Fu-tao
Simulation on Charge Level for BF Segregation Feeding
The blast furnace partial distribution burden surface simulation method was discussed. Based on the burden distribution theory and the soil slope stabilization theory, the burden surface changing process when partial distribution happened was researched and analyzed, and also, the partial burden distribution mathematic model was well established systemically. Furthermore, the model results and effect were contrasted and discussed in the same condition. According to the results, the traditional model can’t deal with the partial distribution simulation, but the performance of new model is much better, closer to reality and more flexible. Moreover, the partial burden surface simulation of whole blast furnace throat area is realized.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 19-23 [
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24
CHEN Jun-an，GU Yu,YAN Li-qiang,CUI Wen-quan, XIE Quan-an,LIANG Ying-hua
Effect of Particle Size of Poor Caking Coal on Coking Property
Two high rank coals (lean coal and meager lean coal) were carbonized with fat coal by mass ratio of 3/7. With adjust the size of the high rank coal through crucible coking, the influence of particle size of high rank coal on the quality of coke and coke micro-structure was investigated. The results show that with a decrease in the coal particle size, SSI, PRI and PSR of the coke increase. The influence of coal particle size on coke optical texture content is insignificant, but the influence of coal size on coke pore texture is obvious.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 24-28 [
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Steelmaking
29
PAN Yi-fang,WU Yan,HOU Kui,WANG Bao-ming,LI Shu-qing,YUAN Zhang-fu
Application of Thickness Measuring Technique by Laser on Converter Lining and Quantitative Research
Hot!
Thickness measuring technology by laser was applied to practical production, which can realize quantification of erosion parts and real-time control of converter lining. Therefore, vulnerable parts of the furnace would be found and repaired timely to maintain converter lining. According to the determination, the weakest location of the lining was the load part of the facet of the converter in the early campaign life, while was the section of the trunnion in the middle campaign life, and erosion of lining was severe in the later stage of campaign. The lining thickness range can be divided into three parts, when campaign reached mid-late period, the thinnest lining was still above the stable range, and furnace life was more than economic life (20-23 thousand heats).
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 29-33 [
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34
GU Yun-ling,,ZHU Rong,,L Ming,,CHEN Lie,LIU Run-zao,SHANG Da-jun
Exploratory Research on Bottom Blowing CO2 During the LF Refining Process
Hot!
The stirring mechanism of bottom blowing CO2 was investigated and some exploratory experiments were conducted with different proportion of CO2 during the 75t LF refining process in industry. The results show that bottom blowing CO2 can intensify liquid steel agitation and the desulfurization efficiency increases from 49.7% to 65.1%, the mass fraction of FeO is less than 0.5% in the slag so it can meet oxidizing requirements. Compared with bottom blowing Ar, the equal yield density of inclusions decreases and the cleanness of steel is improved, so it is possible for LF to use CO2.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 34-39 [
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Metal Forming
40
DU Feng-shan,,XUE Tao,,WANG Chao,,YU Feng-qin,,SUN Jing-na,
Strip Crown Prediction of Cold Strip Rolling Based on FEM-ANN
Hot!
Using nonlinear elastic-plastic finite element method, a 3D FE simulation model of 1450 HC rolling process was developed with the nonlinear FE software MSC.Marc. Based on the model, a large amount of models which contain different rolling parameters was simulated and the strip crown was obtained. The effects of different rolling parameters, strip and rollers parameters on the strip crown were investigated and the main rules were mastered. The simulation results of the strip crown are served as the sample database of BP neural network by which the prediction model of cold rolled strip crown was built. During the training, an improved arithmetic was used in the BP neural network. Practice had proved: an improved arithmetic of BP neural networks improves the speed of learning and builds up the feasibility of arithmetic. The problem that the finite element method is time consuming and difficult to be used to the online flatness control is solved, and the precision of flatness online control is enhanced by this method.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 40-44 [
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45
E Dong-chen, WANG Hai-ru,
Numerical Simulation of 4-Strands Slit Rolling Process
The slit rolling is one of new processes, which make use of uneven deformation of metal along rolling direction to make one workpiece cut into two or more independent branches through using special system of shape of passes and guides. The finite element software Deform 6.1 was used to simulate the rolling process of 4-strands slit rolling, based on the productive condition of 14mm ribbed bar. The force of pre-slitting pass and slitting pass were calculated. The deviation of roll force from measured value in pre-slitting pass was 10%. The segmenting process of the workpiece passing through the separating guide was simulated, and the force curve of split round in all directions was obtained.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 45-49 [
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Materials
50
ZHANG Min,YANG Liang,LI Ji-hong
Technological Property of X100 Pipeline Steel Welded Joints Based on Orthogonal Design
In order to optimize the technological property of welding, the orthogonal test was arranged with Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 and SiO2 as four factors. Using an optical microscope and the impact-tensile materials testing machine, the microstructure and mechanical property of X100 pipeline steel weld were investigated. The results show that, when the mass fraction of Al2O3 is 10%, TiO2 of 6%, ZrO2 of 7%, SiO2 of 20%, the technological value is highest. The weld microstructure is composed of acicular ferrite and granular bainite. The maximum tensile strength of deposited metals gets to 781.4MPa, which is about 93.3% of the base materials, and impact energy are greater than 90 J at -20℃.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 50-54 [
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55
NIU Hui,,LIU Qing-you,,YANG Zhong-wen,,BI Zong-yue,,JIA Shu-jun,,CHEN Chang-qing,
Relationship Between Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Strain Based Design X80 Pipeline Steel
Hot!
The west part of the third west-east nature gas transmission line traverses some active geological fault and strong earthquake region in which case 1219mm×26.4mm X80 high-deformable line pipe is required for strain-based design. The effects of ferrite volume fraction and grain size of 1219mm×26.4mm X80 high-deformable ferrite and banite dual phase steel on the longitudinal yield strength, uniform elongation and Charpy V-notch energy was investigated. Meanwhile, the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties, the effects of pipe forming and aging on longitudinal mechanical properties were described through analyzing the industrial data. It was found that the tensile property is not sensitive to the ferrite volume fraction. However, less ferrite volume can promote the improvement of Charpy V-notch energy. Ferrite grain refinement plays an important role for improving tensile properties and fracture toughness. It is necessary to refine the polygonal ferrite grain size.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 55-60 [
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61
HAN Qiang,XING Shu-qing,LIU Bing-guang,MA Yong-lin
Microstructure Analysis and DTA Test of 06Cr19Ni10 Austenitic Stainless Steel
In order to better understanding of the solidification process, it was inferred that the solidification mode of 06Cr19Ni10 austenitic stainless steel from calculating of chromium equivalent and nickel equivalent, and using the technique of differential thermal analysis (DTA) 06Cr19Ni10 austenitic stainless steel in 10 and 30℃/min heating and cooling rate. The endothermic peak and exothermic peak of DTA curve of solidification process was studied, and the microstructure were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that: the solidification mode 06Cr19Ni10 austenitic stainless steel is the FA type; austenite nucleation rate increases under increasing of cooling rate, the form of the residual δ ferrite is finer dispersion.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 61-64 [
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65
LI Hao,,CHAI Feng,HE Yi-zhu,SU Hang,LUO Xiao-bing,ZHAO Jie
Effect of Environment Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of Corrosion Resistant Ship Hull
Hot!
Tests which accord to IMO on simulated inner bottom conditions in cargo oil tanks (COT) was adopted to compare and analysis the corrosion mass loss and corrosion morphology of conventional and corrosion resistant ship hull steel, and deeply studied the corrosion behavior at different temperature. The results showed that, temperature had significant effect on the corrosion behavior, with the rise of the temperature, the number of pits increased, the depth of pits increased and then decreased, reaching the peak at 45℃. Spot corrosion behavior conventional and corrosion resistant ship hull steel was greatly different. The value of h/D (depth/diameter) increased with temperature rising, while the value of corrosion resistant steel decreased The addition of corrosion resistant alloy elements apparently decreased the corrosion rate and the number of pits. The expanded mode of pits was also improved with the addition of corrosion resistant alloy elements. The expanded mode of pits was changed from along the depth direction vertically to along the surface direction laterally.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 65-69 [
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70
XU Hong-mei,ZHANG Yu,WANG Yin-bai,LI Xiao-bao
Development of a Low-Cost Al-Si Bearing Weathering Steel
A low-cost Al-Si bearing weathering steel was successfully developed through study of continuous cooling transformation behavior and atmospheric corrosion resistance mechanism, and its corrosion resistance increased 15% and 72% as compared to SPA-H and SM490-A, respectively, which is due to formation of FeAl2O4 contributed from the Al aggregate at the inner rust layer. Heavy rolling followed by air cooling produced fine grained ferrite structure, which ensured the good balance of high strength and low temperature impact property of the hot rolled plate with yield strength≥400MPa, tensile strength≥500MPa and impact property at -40℃≥100J.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 70-74 [
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Environmental Protection and Energy
75
LI Hong-juan,WANG Jian-jun,WANG Hua,MENG Hua
An HP-Elman-LSSVM Model for Prediction and Adjustment on Self-Provided Power Plant By-Product Gas Supply in Steel Enterprises
The iron and steel enterprise self-provided power plant is the main buffer user for by-product gas, which can play a very important role in consuming affluent gas, reduce gas emission and realize the gas balance. An HP-Elman-LSSVM for prediction the supply of self-provided power plant was proposed through fully considering the characteristic of gas supplying. According to the characters of self-provided power plant energy utilization, the economic operating load of the boiler was calculated and the optimal scheduling was carried out. The simulation results show that average forecast relative error of the gas supply of self-provided power plant 30, 45 and 60 points are 19%, 1.4% and 1.4%, respectively. The model can handle the issue of the inaccurate forecast with the high accuracy and smaller average error. The optimal scheduling for self-provided power plant can obtain high steam productivity and the steel enterprises can produce an extra steam 81322t per year, about 9443.955t standard coal.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 75-81 [
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Equipment Technology
82
XU Cheng-hua, LUO Li-rong
Motion Characteristic Analysis of the Swing Flying Shear Driven by the Crankshaft With Switch On-Off Method
The structure of the swing flying shear driven by the crankshaft with switch on-off method was introduced. Its motion characteristics and dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The relationship between the cutting speed and the motor speed was determined by the theoretical calculation, and the cutting edge trajectory figure was drawn. Theoretical calculation and practical test results is consistent, which provides theoretical guidance for debugging and controlling the flying shear. This type of flying shear is recommended for use in high-speed sheet production line.
2013 Vol. 48 (8): 82-87 [
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