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2015 Vol. 50 No. 10
Published: 2015-10-15
1
ZHANG Chun-xia，WANG Hai-feng，ZHANG Shou-rong，YIN Rui-yu
Strategic study on green development of Chinese steel industry
Issues of green development of Chinese steel industry are studied. The green development connotations of steel industry are put forward based on analysis of the concept and the relationships among green development， recycling development and low-carbon development. The present status and challenges on the green development of Chinese steel industry are analyzed. Scenario of peak point of the total energy consumption and the total pollutant emissions for Chinese steel industry in the future are analyzed. Then， targets of green development of Chinese steel industry facing 2020 are set. It is emphasized that steel enterprises must develop in harmony with the society and should be integrated into the circular economy based on function extension. Finally, 3 leading engineering projects, 3 kinds of 35 key technologies, 5 demonstration projects and a series of strategy and policy are proposed for the green development of Chinese steel industry during the 13th five plan.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 1-7 [
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ZHENG Chang-le，ZHANG Jian-liang，ZHANG Peng-cheng，WANG Hai-yang，GUO Jian
Upgraded coal injection on blast furnace and its performance
The upgraded coal produced by long-flame coal pyrolysis was studied for blast furnace injection. Upgraded coal combustibility and reactivity were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis in laboratory. Combined with scanning electron microscope analysis， the microscopic structure of upgraded coal and F coal was investigated. And finally the performance of upgraded coal for blast furnace injection was investigated by industry experiment. The results showed that combustion and reactivity of upgraded coal were significantly better than that of F coal， which is mainly due to the break of upgraded coal particle structure at low temperature pyrolysis process， resulting in a large number of pores and angular structure. In addition， combustion of upgraded coal and F coal existed synergistic response effect， blended coals combustibility and reactivity were significantly improved， which is in favor of pulverized coal injection coefficient of utilization in blast furnace. Industry experiment results showed that the economic benefits was considerable with coke ratio and fuel ratio decreased.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 8-13 [
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14
NI Bing，HE Qing，WU Wei
Thermal simulation of inclusion removal by fine heterophases
The behavior of inclusion removal in the steel liquid by fine heterophases induced by explosive reaction of carbonate was simulated by experiment in a 50 kg vacuum induction furnace with intermediate frequency. The example of CaO particle adsorbing inclusions was found out， and the mechanism of inclusions capture and removal was investigated. The results showed that the total oxygen content， the area ratio of the inclusions and the number of inclusions per unit area in the cast steel were decreased respectively after the purification reaction of molten steel with purification agents. The inclusions were mainly clusters or chain Al2O3 before purification， and the calcium aluminates inclusions with low melting point were formed after purification. The purification agents released CaO particles to make collision， reaction and adsorption with tiny metallic inclusions， and promote growth and removal of inclusions finally.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 14-18 [
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19
WANG Dai-jun，，，WU Sheng-li，
Preparation and application of magnesium pellets using hematite
In the blast furnace smelting process， MgO can prevent the melt bond between pellets and pellets， pellets and sinter ore and iron ore， reduce the loss of material layer resistance， reduce the height of the soft melting belt and improve gas utilization rate. The effects of serpentine as magnesium additives on the?balling property， preheating and?roasting properties of?hematite pellets are studied in the research. The results of cold state performance study show that： with the?increasing?ratio of serpentine，?green balls moisture?content are increased gradually，?the compressive strength of?green balls are improved，?and?falling strength?and bursting temperature?are decreased. The results of preheating performance study show that： the optimum preheating temperature is 1 000 ℃， the optimum preheating time is 8 min， when the dosage of serpentine is 1.40%， and the compressive strength of preheating balls is the best. The results of roasting performance study show that： the optimum calcination time is 12 min， and the calcination temperature is 1 280 ℃. The industrial?tests show that： the iron grade?and?reduction degree of finished pellets?are reduced. But the comprehensive grade[w(TFe)＋][w(MgO)]?is increased，?the reduction swelling is?reduced，?softening started temperature is elevated，? the end of soften temperature is reduced，?high temperature metallurgical properties is improved. Cost analysis?shows that： the raw material?cost magnesium?pellets is reduced.?The effects?of blast furnace show that：??the quality of molten iron is?improved，?the qualified rate of molten iron reaches 99.97%， the grade of product reaches 75.06%， the content of[w(MgO)]in slag increases to 8.10%， the content of [w(Al2O3)]is decreased to 14.72%， and the ratio of [w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)]is increased to 0.55.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 19-25 [
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PANG Ke-liang，LIU Dong-jie，WANG Ming-guo，ZHAO Heng-bo，WANG Chao
Application of coal petrography analysis on coking production
In order to improve the quality of coke and reduce the cost of coal blending at the Bayuquan Iron and Steel Subsidiary Company of Angang Steel Co.， Ltd.， the quality of coal was analyzed for coal petrology microscope， the method of coal blending was built and the application of Coal Petrograph was researched on coking production， aiming to avoid the adulteration of complicated mixing coal， optimize the method of coal blending and improve the quality of coke. The structure of coking coal and quality of coke were optimized. The results showed that after the application， the cold and hot performances of coke， M40 ， M10 ， CRI and CSR increase from 88.11%， 6.75%， 27.36%， and 62.20% up to 88.88%， 6.26%， 23.89% and 66.26%， respectively. The blending ratio of prime coking coal falls from 75% falling to 69%.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 26-29 [
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30
JIANG Zhou-hua，LIU Fu-bin，YU Qiang，CHEN Xu，ZANG Xi-min，DENG Xin
Development of a new technology for manufacture of hollow ingots by electroslag remelting process
The different methods for manufacture of large cylinders and hollow ingots have been reviewed. The shortcoming of the traditional electroslag remelting （ESR） process for manufacture of hollow ingot has been analyzed. A new electroslag remelting technology for hollow ingot manufacture was recently commercialized due to the cooperation between Northeastern University of China and Elmet-Roll engineering company （Ukraine）. The usage of T-shape current supplying mould （CSM） and ingot withdrawing system as well as the change of consumable multi electrode （electrodes） are the main features of performed process. Using the new process the different ESR hollow ingots with steel grades of 35CrMo，P91，TP347 and Mn18Cr18N and dimensions of[?]900/[?]500 mm，[?]900/[?]200 mm，[?]650/[?]450 mm，maximum length of 6 000 mm were successfully manufactured. The industrial tests show that the ESR hollow ingots with perfect quality of surfaces and defect-free macrostructure have been obtained，which should be good materials for manufacture of high quality large pipes and cylinders.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 30-36 [
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37
WANG Dong-cheng，，WU Yan-lin，LIU Hong-min，
Characteristic parameters recognition method of strip cross-sectional shape
In view of the shortcoming of existing methods to identify the characteristic parameters of strip cross-sectional shape，the reason of low general polynomial’s identification accuracy is analyzed. Based on the theory of elastic half-space，the analytical expression of roll’s elastic-flattening under polynomial distribution force is derived，which is combined with the general polynomial and regarded as the basic characteristic patterns of strip shape. The characteristic parameters are obtained by the least squares principle. The main feature of this method is，the physical meaning of characteristic parameter is clear，so it’s favorable to the adjustment of corresponding control measures after identifying. At the same time，only one function is used to describe the entire cross-sectional and no segmentation process is needed，so the calculation process is simplified. Finally， the accuracy and?stability of various methods are compared through experimental data，and the results show that the method based on elastic flattening mechanism is in?well?agreement?with experimental data no matter for the edge of strip or middle zone，so it is the most satisfying model.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 37-44 [
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45
MAO Jun，ZHANG Yu，MENG Hui，CHEN Hong-yue
Dynamic characteristics analysis of rolling mill secondary transmission system with clearances
In order to analyze the effect of nonlinear factors such as clearance on dynamic characteristics of blade rolling mill transmission system，nonlinear dynamic model of blade rolling mill secondary transmission system was established where bearing chock horizontal gap，the backlash，the transmission error and the time-varying stiffness were considered. Nonlinear differential equations were solved by using Runge-Kutta method. The effects of different exciting frequency and different bearing chock horizontal gap on rolling mill transmission system were studied. The results showed that the increase of backlash and exciting frequency causes the system from harmonic vibration to chaos，and vibration amplitude increased. The increases of backlash and exciting frequency have larger influence on upper and lower gears of rolling mill than the secondary gear and rack of upper roller’s.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 45-53 [
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54
YE Ben，，LI Li-xin，HU Sheng-de
Rolling load model of CSP finishing mill group based on statistics method
Data of CSP finishing mill group were analyzed by statistical method. The analysis of autocorrelation was carried out and the presence of serious autocorrelation phenomenon was revealed. The principal components analysis and ridge regression method were occupied to eliminate the autocorrelation. By fitting the Shida Shige model，the effects of autocorrelation were verified. Serious statistics method is used to eliminate some data. Modified Shida Shige model and multiple regression model were built. Then the precision of models is improved. The introduction of recrystallization gets a better accuracy. In the comparative test for 5 models，a set of 30 new data was used. Results show that the recrystallization model 5 has better accuracy.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 54-58 [
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59
YANG Shun-hu，，ZHU Miao-yong ，WANG Zhong-ying
Effects of carbon segregation of billet on Q345E low temperature impact energy
With more abominable working environment and prolonging service life，Q345E steel for wind power flange needs to have low temperature impact property under －50 ℃. Besides，the interior and exterior mechanical property of the steel grade needs to be uniform. In order to improve the mechanical properties of Q345E steel in the core portion，the effects of carbon segregation of billet on the mechanical properties are analyzed using billets of various solidification structures produced with different continuous casting processes. Results show that the carbon segregation in the core portion can be reduced and thus the uniformity of the interior mechanical properties of the steel prominently raised by improvement in the equiaxed crystal ratio and refinement of the solidification structure.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 59-63 [
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64
KANG Jun-yu，SUN Xin-jun，LI Zhao-dong，YONG Qi-long
Precipitation and coarsening of TiC and VC in tempering process of low carbon martensite steels
The evolutions of Vickers hardness， microstructure and precipitates in Ti and V microalloyed martensite steels with different tempering time at 600 ℃ were studied by Vickers， OM and TEM. Moreover， the precipitation kinetics of precipitates in martensite steels was calculated using the existing methods. The results showed that hardness of two steels firstly decreased， then increased and finally decreased with the prolonging of tempering time at 600 ℃. The peak hardness of both steel was observed after tempering for 1 h. Besides， the hardness of Ti-steel was always higher than that of V-steel in tempering process. It was found that the decrease of hardness at the beginning stage was due to the decrease of dislocation density. The precipitation of MC phase played the role of precipitation strengthening effect， leading to the increase of hardness to the peak value. With the prolonging of tempering time， the hardness decreased again due to the coarsening of MC phase and the recovery of matrix microstructure. Since the precipitation kinetics of Ti-steel was faster than that of V-steel and its coarsening rate was slower， the effect of precipitation strengthening and the restraint of matrix recovery in Ti-steel were more obvious than those in V-steel. As a result， the hardness of Ti-steel was always higher than that of V-steel in tempering process.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 64-70 [
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71
YUAN Ya-sha，WANG Wen-yan，，XU Kai-hui，YUAN Sha，LI Jun-ling
Influence of differential heat treatment on wear resistance of Cr5 steel
Microstructure and friction?wear?property of Cr5 backup roll steel after different heating treatment were studied by scanning electron microscopy and friction-wear?tester. Results indicate that the matrix is martensite after quenching，?and undissolved?carbides distribute on the matrix.With the increase of quenching temperature， undisloved carbides decreases， quenched structure becomes homogenized gradually， when the temperature reaches to 1 050-990 ℃. Almostly， carbides are completely dissolved， the structure are pretty， their hardness is 54.7HRC that is the largest one， resulting in a?smaller?weight?loss and flat plane. If we continue to rise the quenching temperature， properties， such as hardness and waer-resistance will slow down.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 71-76 [
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KONG Xiang-feng， ，ZOU Yan，ZHANG Jing，ZHANG Shu-wei，WANG Jia，LI Chun-hu
Review of formation and controlling for diffusible hydrogen in steel weldments
With the wide application of welding， there is a growing concern about the cold cracks of welded joints. The diffusible hydrogen in steel weldments is one of the main reasons these lead to hydrogen assisted cracking. In this article， the source and production of diffusible hydrogen were summarized. Then this paper reviewed the measurement of diffusible hydrogen and summarized the reasons for affecting diffusible hydrogen content. And the dynamic and effect of hydrogen were analyzed emphatically. Subsequently，it introduced perniciousness and prevention of diffusible hydrogen. At last we pointed out the problems in research of diffusible hydrogen and look forward to the future of the research.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 77-84 [
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WANG Xiao-yong， DI Guo-biao，YANG Yong-da，WANG Yan-feng，MA Qing-shen
Analysis of reasons for the unqualified[z-direction] properties of Nb-bearing high strength ship plate steels
The reason for the unqualified[z-direction]properties of the Nb-bearing high strength ship plate steels was analyzed. The microstructures and[z-direction]tensile fracture samples were observed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the solid dissolved temperature of NbC in the steel was calculated according to the Thermo-Calc software and the solubility expression of NbC in austenite. The results showed that gathered precipitates with Nb and trip-liked sulfide inclusions (MnS) were the main reason for the unqualified[z-direction]properties of the tested steels. While the increase of heating temperature is advantageous to dissolve the precipitates with Nb， the conventional rolling heating is hard to eliminate the adverse effects of large precipitates on the[z-direction]properties of the steel.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 85-89 [
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WANG Zhi-yong，SONG Xin，WANG Zhen-qiang，LIU Chun-ming，SUN Xin-jun
Kinetics of strain induced precipitation of TiC by hot compression method
The kinetics of strain induced precipitation in a 0.047%C-0.109%Ti micro-alloyed steel was studied by a stress relaxation (SR)method， a two-stage interrupted compression (TS) method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)in Gleeble 1500D thermal testing. Three groups of precipitation-time-temperature (PTT) diagrams were obtained by analyzing stress relaxation curves， softening kinetic curves and the amounts and sizes of strain induced precipitates at various isothermal holding times. The results showed that the PTT diagrams by three methods all exhibited typical “C” shape， and the nose temperatures of them located at approximately 900 ℃. The two-stage interrupted method shows the highest reliability and sensitivity in terms of the determination of the onset time of precipitation[（Ps）]. TEM results showed that the strain induced precipitates identified with fcc structure (B1 NaCl structure) were pure TiC particles， and were distributed in a chain-like and a cell-like manner on carbon replica. In addition， the precipitates followed a parabolic law (1/2 law) during the growth stage， and obeyed a 1/10 law during the coarsening stage.
2015 Vol. 50 (10): 90-95 [
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