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	2010 Vol. 45 No. 2
	Published: 2010-02-15

综合论述

	1	Yusheng ZHOU
		Technical Considerations on Reasonable Pulverized Coal Injection rate for blast furnace process
		The key factors limiting the high-rate pulverized coal injection (PCI) operation in blast furnace (in short: BF) process were discussed, the practice of BF production with higher availability and lower fuel rate at Baosteel and experiences from that was also analyzed. A technical considering methodology for reasonable PC rate was proposed afterwards. It is emphasized that higher BF productivity should be realized at maximum bosh gas index based on higher blast temperature and excellent qualities of raw materials instead of realized only by higher blast volume and melting strength.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 2593 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 79 )

原料与炼铁

	9	XIE Hao
		Sintering Characteristic Study of Fine Ores in KISC
		According to its raw materials orthogonal test scheme is designed and a large number of systemic experiments were carried out in order to study the sintering characteristics of three types of fine ores in Kunming Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd(KISC). Expressions of mineral mixture average particle size and sintering tumble strength was obtained by analyzing the experimental data. The effects of carbon mixture ratio and basicity on FeO of sintering ore, agglomeration ratio, tunble strength and utilize coefficient were researched via single factor analysis and range analysis. The experimental results show the best mixture ratio of each fine ore. Analysis found that the influence of the carbon mixture ratio is more significant than which of the basicity on the sintering process except agglomeration ratio of foreign ore.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 9-9 [Abstract] ( 2787 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 53 )

	15
		Influence of zinc lead on metallurgical properties and absorption law of sinter and pellet
		In this paper, in order to simulate the reduction of zinc in the blast furnace and its vapor absorption process on the charge, zinc adsorption experiments of sinter and pellet were did. The results show that: zinc absorption of sinter and pellet increase with the increase of the temperature, decrease with the increase of its particle size; the RDI+3.15 of sinter and pellet decrease with the increase of zinc adsorption, this will affect the index burden permeability of blast furnace; at the present experimental conditions, zinc absorption of sinter and pellet have little effect to its melting and drippy properties.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 15-15 [Abstract] ( 2858 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 83 )

	19
		The research on the concertedness of bell-less top burden distribution
		The 2500 cubic meter blast furnace has a test about burden trajectory and width, in base of the test and the process of burden movement during the burden distribution can build the model of burden trajectory and width. It reveals that: the model result is primarily agreed to practical situation. This article points out the drawback of equi-area mutiple-ring division, which the widths of rings are decreasing from center of blast furnace to puerperal. This article put forward the new method of mutiple-ring division which is base on the width of burden trajectory including taking account of ideal burden and gas distribution. Also put forward three coordinated principles, they are the coordinated principle between the burden width and burden trajectory width, the coordinated principle between the thickness of burden and burden surface, the coordinated principle between cylinder number of burden and the thickness of burden. This provides the basis for the Efficient and Reasonable operation of blast furnace.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 19-19 [Abstract] ( 2356 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 61 )

炼钢

	23	LIU Bai-song Guo-Sen ZHU Ben-hai LI
		Application of Waste Gas Analysis for RH Decarburization Process
		Based on the measure of waste gas flow rate and CO, CO2 content of it by the RH waste gas analysis system, waste gas analysis decarburization mathematic model was established. The calculated results by model inosculated the measured ones. The precision of the end-point carbon content of RH treatment was ±3×10-6 for a carbon range of ULC steel([C] ≤20×10-6). The correction coefficient, , of waste gas flow rate was evaluated by two subsection according with the factual production process. The value of was 0.35 when the RH treatment time was less than 3 minutes, otherwise was 0.6. When the CO content of waste gas decreased to 5% from the maximum at the terminal stage of RH decarburization, the average value of carbon content in the bulk liquid steel was 13×10-6 which was below the requirement content at the end of RH process. Therefore, 5% CO in waste gas at the terminal stage of RH decarburization became a criterion to judge the finish of RH decarburization.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 23-23 [Abstract] ( 2110 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 93 )

	28	MENG Hua-dong Liu LIU
		Fractal Study on Steel Slag Grinding Characteristics
		In this paper, fractal theory, based on specimens of steel slag grinding test results of the particle size distribution, fractal dimension of its theoretical basis, and the sample particle characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the fitting curve of the linear correlation coefficient greater than 0.97 on the particle size distribution of slag powder with the characteristics of fractal structure. As the grinding time, particle size distribution of slag powder of fractal dimension is gradually increasing, after a certain period of time, its particle size distribution changes in the fractal dimension tends to slow. A good linear relationship meet between fractal dimension and specific surface area of slag powder，and positive correlation with the cementitious properties of steel slag-based cement material.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 28-28 [Abstract] ( 2695 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 86 )

	32
		Effect of Different Electromagnetic Stirring Types on Behavior of Liquid Metal in Ladle Furnace
		Many scholars have studied the flow behavior under electromagnetic stirring, most of which only focused on a single aspect of internal flow or level fluctuations. While in the actual production, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the internal flow and level fluctuations of liquid metal. Against the background of actual ladle furnace with electromagnetic stirring system，the study measured and analyzed the level fluctuations and the internal speed distribution of liquid metal under different electromagnetic stirring types by using laser liquid level apparatus and Doppler ultrasound velocimetry respectively. The study showed that electromagnetic stirring can not only effectively increase the level fluctuations, but also effectively promoted the internal flow of liquid metal so as to significantly improve the kinetic condition of liquid metal. The level fluctuations and internal speed of the liquid metal would increase as the intensity increase of electromagnetic stirring. The effect of electromagnetic stirring on level fluctuations and internal speed of the liquid metal differs with electromagnetic stirring types. Different electromagnetic stirring types should be adopted to meet different technological requirements during refining process.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 32-32 [Abstract] ( 2406 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 111 )

	36
		Research on Hot Metal Dephosphorizing Pretreatment and Direct Steel-making Process in 100t converter
		The present paper introduces the practice of improving the end point target-hitting by adoption of hot metal dephosphorizing pretreatment and direct steel-making process in 100t converter. Cold smelting charge ratio was respectively 20%,25%,28%, by optimizing slag making and oxygen blowing process of dephosphorizing pretreatment period and decarburizing period，oxygen consumption rate increased from 20～30% to 40～50% than conventional process in dephosphorizing pretreatment period and slag charge was controlled at 8～15kg.t-1 in decarburizing pretreatment period. Fifty heats industrial test results indicated that temperature controlling at first slag off achieve the level of conventional smelting process, the controlling levels of [C] and [P] were significantly better than conventional smelting process.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 36-36 [Abstract] ( 2287 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 44 )

	40	Liu Jian-Hua yan-ping BAO WANG MIN Li Tai Quan Yi REN Hai-shan QIN
		Investigation of Calcium Treatment in X70 Pipeline
		300~500m SiCa lines were injected with speeds of 100m/min and 200m/min or SiCaBaFe alloy was fed into liquid steel to modify the inclusions in the later stage of LF refining of X70 respectively. Samples were taken from molten steel in ladle after injection, molten steel in the mould and slab. The investigation of the CaTot and inclusions shows that: the calcium content in the steel drops after the calcium treatment; the compositions, morphology and sizes of the inclusions varies with the production. Rules for inclusion modification was put forward according to the variation of inclusions and influence of inclusions on the properties of the high grad pipelines and casting.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 40-40 [Abstract] ( 2691 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 66 )

	45	Wu YANG Pei ZHAO
		Research on Effect of Decreasing Degree of Superheat on Solidification Structure of Billet
		The transformation from columnar grain to equiaxed grain would be promoted by decreasing degree of superheat of liquid steel in the mould to increase equiaxed grain ratio, which was beneficial for homogenization of billet structure. Based on above-mentioned theory, a cooling nozzle for decreasing degree of superheat was designed and fabricated. Commercial trials were carried out on a billet caster using the cooling nozzle. The effect of integration of the low superheat degree technology on solidification structure of billet was analyzed. The result showed that decreasing range of degree of superheat in the mould would be 14℃ with the cooling nozzle. The equiaxed grain ratio of billet produced by the cooling nozzle was increased by more than 8%～24% and the severity of center segregation and cavitation had been reduced.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 45-45 [Abstract] ( 2561 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 65 )

压力加工

	49
		Research and Improvement of mill type of 2030mm Tandem Cold Mill in Baosteel
		According to the theory of flatness control and mill type configuration of tandem cold mill, based on the flatness control capability and production results after the modification that CVC mill type was changed to DSR mill type on stand 5 of 2030 tandem cold mill in Baosteel, this paper pointed out the insufficient flatness control capability of mill type of conventional 4-roll mill on four stands combined with high-tech mill on one stand, such as CVC, DSR and so on, flatness accuracy of automobile sheet and high strength steel could not meet the requirement. It is proposed that VCL roll profile of back up rolls on stand 1~4 & corresponding work roll crown and special back up roll profile on stand 5. After the modification, mill type was changed to VCL conventional 4-roll mill on four stands + CVC or DSR mill on one stand, production showed that flatness control capability was obviously increased, problem of edge wave of high strength steel was thoroughly solved, remarkable economic benefit had been brought.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 49-49 [Abstract] ( 2647 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 52 )

	53
		Models and Application for Intermediate Roll Shifting Control of UCM Cold Mill
		By intermediate roll shifting ,the UCM cold mill can be adapt to strips with different width. In addition, the ability of work roll bending as well as the transverse rigidity of the UCM cold mill can be enhanced and is powerful to achieve excellent flatness. In order to improve the flatness of cold rolled strips, the initial position of intermediate roll was preset in accordance with the rolling process in revamp of the Ansteel 1250 6-H reversing UCM cold mill. The online adjustment of intermediate roll is calculated from the closed loop feedback flatness control system dependent on the actuator efficiency factors. For the purpose of avoiding roll abrasion, the relationship among roll force and shifting speed as well as thrust force was analyzed by theoretical calculation and experiments. In addition, shifting speed of intermediate roll was preset. The applications show that the models of intermediate roll control is capable in flatness control and is significant to obtain better flatness.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 53-53 [Abstract] ( 3409 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 62 )

	58	Huang Li-yu
		Technology of Controlling the Surface Quality of High-grade BA Stainless Steel Sheet
		This paper aimed to study the bright annealing technique and technological improvement of the BA sheet production. The measure of the concentration of Cr on 2B and BA sheet surface showed the Chromium-depleted phenomenon on 2B sheet and indicated that BA sheet performed better as a substrate of stainless steel specular-production in terms of erosion-resistance and machining. As bright annealing is unable to improve the surface roughness, a new processing Pre-polished has been suggested and experimented, which consists of material pickling, one-pass rolling, material surface-polished and bright rolling. The outcome of the trial proves the effectiveness of Pre-polished, and the BA sheet processed by pre-polished meets the quality standard of specular levels products.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 58-58 [Abstract] ( 3287 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 88 )

	62	Wang Ying-Rui Ying-Jie Wang Jian-Guang Yuan
		The Load Bearing Capacity Analyze of Roll Set of Cold Leveling Machine of Heavy Plate Plant
		using the two modes of theory and FEM, the load bearing capacity of roll set of cold leveling machine is analyzed. The results of the two modes are closer. It proves that the FEM mode used is correct and accurate. The FEM analyze is done for the load bearing capacity of roll set of cold leveling machine under the condition of the practice roll shape of backup roll.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 62-62 [Abstract] ( 2794 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 58 )

	66
		Study on Skin Passing Technology of Non-oriented Silicon Steel
		The shape and surface quality are important quality index of non-oriented silicon steel strip. Considering the lamination factor, the non-oriented silicon steel must have a smooth surface and good shape. According to the characteristics of production technology of non-oriented silicon steel strip, a mathematic model that design the roll shape and the skin passing technology is construct．In this model, the uniformity of the distribution of front tension is taken as the objective function. Based on this, a skin passing technology of non-oriented silicon steel strip and temper mill’s roll shape is developed. In this skin passing technology, the rolling force is about 80~200KN, the skin passing tension is about 10~40MPa, the skin-pass rate is Less than 0.1%. The application of this technology in industry shows that the new roll shapes and the skin passing technology not only guarantee the shape and surface quality of non-oriented silicon steel strip, but also guarantee the non-oriented silicon steel’s electromagnetic performance.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 66-66 [Abstract] ( 2818 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 67 )

钢铁材料

	70
		Carbonitride Precipitates in Strips With Ti Additive Produced by CSP Process
		Hot strips of low carbon steels with Ti additive (containing 0.04~0.07%C, 0.6% Si, 0.6% Mn, 0.06~0.14 %(mass) Ti) produced by EAF-CSP (Electric Arc Furnaces -Compact Strip Production) process have been examined by TEM, HREM and XRD. Titanium carbonitrides with different C/N ratio were found in the samples. The varying composition of the Ti-carbonitrides is resulted from the supersaturation of Ti, N and C in the steel and the temperature at which the compound form. It is pointed out by XRD analysis that the mass fraction of the extracted powder is about 0.305% of the specimen in total. Among them about four fifths are cementite, the remains are mainly titanium carbonitrides, carbides, nitrides, sulfide and oxides. Particle arrays formed through the interphase precipitation are observed either in the slabs or in the hot strips. The dominating reaction mechanism is discussed. Compared with the conventional cold charge process, small addition of Ti would be more effective for precipitation of fine precipitates in the steels produced by CSP process.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 70-70 [Abstract] ( 2960 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 73 )

	74	WU Xue-liang
		Influence of Annealing Temperature and Time on Recrystallization Texture of Extra-Low Carbon BH Steel
		By the means of Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction(EBSD), the effects of annealing temperature and time on recrystallization texture of extra-low carbon BH steel were investigated. misorientation angle, pole figure, orientation distribution functions and oriented fiber were analysesed. Results show that with the increasing of quenching time and temperature after recrystallization finished, the orientation density of {111} texture drops and the density of {100}texture become stronger.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 74-74 [Abstract] ( 2671 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 72 )

	78	Li Zhong-Yi
		Design, Processing and Properties of Cold Rolled TRIP Steel Bearing 1.20% Aluminum
		The present work is focused on the development of TRIP-600 steels containing 1.2%Al on a laboratory scale. The phase diagrams, TTT curves and T0 lines of bainite formation in the steels were calculated with Thermo-Calc. The TRIP600 strips were successfully prepared through a designed process including steel-making, hot and cold rolling as well as heat treatments. Tensile strength 650~700MPa, yield strength 390~420MPa and total elongation 30.5~37.5% is obtained for the steel strips. Microstructure especially the fraction and carbon content of the retained austenite in the experimental steels was investigated by using color metallography, SEM, EBSD and X-ray diffraction techniques. The investigation shows that the chemical compositions and processing parameters optimized in the experiment can be referred for trial-manufacture of TRIP 600 steels. Decarbonization in the surface layer and band structure of strips is important factor which interferes with improving of the TRIP steels in mechanical properties
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 78-78 [Abstract] ( 2825 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 100 )

	82	Shuiping HU Hui-Bin WU Li Tai Quan
		Research on Mechanism of Nucleation of Intra-granular Ferrite In Heat Affected Zone of Magnesium Treated High- Grade Pipeline Steel
		The phenomena and mechanism of nucleation of intra-granular ferrite in welding heat affected zone of Mg treated high-grade pipeline steel was studied by using thermal simulation,EBSD and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that the inclusions in Mg treated steel are A1,Ti,Mg composite oxides with size in the range of 0.5-3μm.Mg composite oxides could promote the formation of acicular ferrite in coarse grain heat affected zone.The nucleation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite in Mg Treated high-grade pipeline steel was discussed.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 82-82 [Abstract] ( 2813 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 50 )

	86
		Effects of Si on Cu Enrichment at Copper-containing Steel Surface after High Temperature Oxidation
		Production cost of 09CuPCrNi weathering steel was greatly increased by huge fluctuations in world nickel price. The effects of using Si instead of Ni on preventing formation of liquid Cu at the scale/steel interface of copper-containing steel after high temperature oxidation were studied. The results showed that addition of Si enhanced the formation of internal oxidation product 2FeO•SiO2 which can reduce the content of Cu in copper-rich phase, as well as cut off diffusion routes of liquid copper by encapsulating the local area of matrix in it. However also the addition of Si is beneficial on reducing copper enrichment at surface matrix, but would increase oxidation rate of alloys when oxidation temperature was higher than 1150 ℃.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 86-86 [Abstract] ( 2848 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 50 )

	90
		Mechanism Research of P-RE Combined Addition Improving Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Performance of Iron and Steel Material
		The mechanism of P-RE combined action improving atmospheric corrosion resistant performance of iron and steel material was studied. The Rust layers of experimental steels were made by using an accelerating industrial atmospheric corrosion test of dry-wet cyclic immersion. Furthermore XRD were used to measure and analyze rust layers. Under thin water film, the initial corrosion processes of experimental steels were observed and the changes of micro-area PH value of experimental steels were measured. The results are as follows: P-RE combined action promotes the formation of α-FeOOH. P-RE combined action changes properties of inclusion, affects the change of PH value, influences the process of corrosion and promotes the formation of protective rust
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 90-90 [Abstract] ( 2779 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 67 )

环保与能源

	95	YU Qing-Bo Junxiang Liu
		Experimental Study on Dry-granulation of Molten Blast Furnace Slag
		Rotary cup atomizer for slag granulation is one method of dry granulation. It is a process of recovering the sensible heat retained in molten slag, saving a mount of water, and not polluting environment. In this paper, hot experimental about rotary cup atomizer for slag granulation was operated, and the mechanism of granulation was analyzed. The effects of linear velocity at cup's edge and temperature of slag on particle diameter and mass fraction were investigated. The results showed that with increase of the linear velocity, the particle diameter decreases gradually and the particle is removed from the center of rotary cup. When the linear velocity increases to exceed 6 m/s, there is little change in particle diameter. And temperature of slag has no effect on particle diameter and mass fraction in the slag temperature range from 1400 °C to 1500 °C.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 95-95 [Abstract] ( 3143 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 47 )

技术交流

	99
		Strain-induced Precipitation Behavior in Medium-Carbon Nb Microalloyed Steels
		The strain induced precipitation of medium-carbon Nb microalloyed steel was investigated by the stress relaxation method and DS precipitation kinetics model, the effects of Si and Mn on the precipitation kinetics of Nb carbonitride added to the DS equation. The results show that the caculated precipitation-time-temperature PTT diagrams are in good agreement with experimental results obtained from isothermal stress relaxation, and the shape of PTT is typical C curve; The fastest precipitation was about 900℃, strain rate accelerates the precipitation kinetics and shifts the PTT diagrams leftside.
		2010 Vol. 45 (2): 99-99 [Abstract] ( 2433 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 36 )

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