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2013 Vol. 48 No. 3
Published: 2013-03-15
Technical Reviews
Steelmaking
Metal Forming
Materials
Environmental Protection and Energy
Technical Reviews
1
QIU Sheng-tao,FU Bing,,XIANG Li,CHENG Guo-guang
Recent Research Trends and Developments of Production Process and Technology for High Magnetic Induction Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel
Utilizing energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, economic production processes and technologies to manufacture high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel has become the focus of current research work. Based on using low-temperature slab reheating techniques to produce high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel at both iron and steel enterprises and research institutions all over the world, the current application and exploitation was thoroughly generalized; the implementation methods for low-temperature slab reheating techniques by traditional process were also summarized. Furthermore, the recent developments of using thin slab casting and rolling process and twin-roll strip casting process to produce high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel were presented. On these bases, the development trends of production process and technology for high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel were analyzed.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 1-8 [
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Raw Materials and Ironmaking
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ZHANG Jian-liang,LI Jing,JIANG Hai-bing,HU Zheng-wen,ZHAO Zhi-xing
Ore Blending Proportion Optimization for Further Cost Reduction in Sintering Process
In order to reduce the production cost of sintering process, further optimization of current ore blending proportion was carried out based on the raw material condition and production situation of a 360m2 sintering machine in Beiying Steel. Ensuring nearly invariable grade, basicity, SiO2 content and other parameters of all the blends, six ore blending schemes of low cost were designed with the proportion increase of low cost ore, the proportion decrease of high cost ore and the proportion adjustment of other materials. And sintering pot tests were conducted for verification. The results indicate that the total proportion of two kinds of Australian ore should not exceed 45% and the proportion of two kinds of Brazilian ore should be the same as much as possible. The optimizing ore blending scheme would bring a cost reduction of 16.02 yuan for per ton of sintering mixture and improvement of sintering indexes and sinter quality. The cost of sintering process could be further reduced, simultaneously an improvement of economic and technical indexes, only by proportion adjustment of present ore fines.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 9-14 [
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LIU Qing-cai, ZHANG Yang-bin,LAN Yuan-pei，CHEN Qian-xiang,AO Wan-zhong,ZHANG Dong-sheng
Effect of Lightly Fired Dolomite on Metallurgical Properties of Sinter
Large amount of lightly fired dolomite powders could not be utilized effectively in Shuicheng Iron and Steel. Effects of mass ratio of lightly fired dolomite and dolomite and the content of MgO were explored in a laboratorial sinter pot. The results show that: as the mass ratio of lightly fired dolomite and dolomite increases, the sinter quality and the low temperature reduction differentiation performance first increases, then decreases. When the mass ratio of lightly fired dolomite and dolomite is 0.67, the tumbler index is 68.26%, shatter strength 73.51%, sinter yield 76.14%. While the content of MgO changed form 1.9% to 2.5%, the effect of MgO content on sinter quality is not apparent. RDI+3.15 of sinter improves while TFe decreases from 54.27% to 53.28%. When the mass ratio of lightly fired dolomite and dolomite is 0.67 and MgO content reaches 1.9%, metallurgical properties of sinter would be the best.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 15-18 [
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19
REN Rong-xia，LI Jin-long，FANG Jue
Fundamental Research on Application of Sinters With Different Basicity
A research on sinter production and quality with different basicity from 0.04 to 3.0 were accomplished experimentally and theoretically. Burden structure including sinters with different basicity was optimized to reduce the thickness of cohesive zone in blast furnace. The results show that using acidic sinter combined with alkaline sinter is one of effective methodsto reduce the temperature range of cohesive zone and to improve the permeability of stock column in blast furnace.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 19-23 [
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Steelmaking
24
YANG Wen-yuan,ZHANG Xian-gui,WANG Ming-lin,GAO Wei-tao,CUI Huai-zhou, BAI Yu
Movement of Scrap in the Bath of Converter
The injection parameter of water mold was calculated based on similarity principle. The actual situation of the movement of scrap in molten bath of the converter was simulated for the first time.The impact of scrap on mixing time and splashing was measured. If there are 10% scrap in large converter, the molten bath mixing time is longer 35.3% than no scrap in converter. In hot metal dephosphorization pretreatment converter, 10% scrap will prolong bath mixing time 62.8%. The relationship between the weight of scrap and suspended energy in bath was quantitatively studied. In order to be in good dynamics condition for scrap melting, the stirring energy of the bath should not be less than a large piece of scrap suspension energy. These could supplement the basic knowledge of scrap melting and provide the guidance for the use of scrap in the converter and the optimization of the converter blowing process.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 24-29 [
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GUAN Chun-li,,HAN Li-hai,JIANG Ying
Control of Strip Edge Defects for Boron Microalloy Steel in Thin Slab Caster Process
Boron microalloying was a new technology to improve the performance of steel, but the problem of edge defects on strip were easily appeared after B was added into steel. Boron microalloying was carried out on steel grade of SS400 on FTSC thin slab casting and rolling process of Tonghua Steel, the problem of edge defect on strip was serious. Based on the investigations of the mechanism of edge defects, production tests were implemented by the control of ［Mn］, ［S］, ［B］, ［N］ composition and the optimization of secondary cooling on the thin slab caster. The problem of the edge defects on the strip of B microalloy steel of SS400 were solved effectively.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 30-34 [
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FENG Yuan-chao,ZENG Jian-hua,CHEN Liang,ZHANG Min
Slag-Making Technology in Secondary Refining Process With Low Cost
The refining effect was not stable because of the composition fluctuation of refining slag with high basicity. The raw materials combined with active lime and fluorite had effect on the composition of the slag. The active lime and fluorite in convert with short storage period were put into the molten steel to refine slag in order to improve the effect of refining. The active lime was applied in refining process when the theoretical calculation and analysis was accomplished. The results show that the composition control of slag and refining effect are more stable, the fluctuation of sulphur content and phosphorous content are decreased, the quality of products is steadily and the coast is reduced by 1.8RMB/t.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 35-39 [
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Metal Forming
40
LIU Zhi-liang,XUE Yan-jie,WANG Ying-jie
Roller Curvature and Straightening Precision on Six and Two-Roller Tube Straightener
In order to improve the straightening quality of pipe straightening machine, based on mechanics of materials and metal elastic-plastic theory, the straightening process of ordinary six-roller straightening machine and two-roller straightener was investigated, and both the advantages and the shortcomings of pipe precision straightening was proposed. A new type of composite pipe straightening machine, six and two pipe straightening machine was presented. A roller-shaped curve and its roll graph were analyzed through Matlab, and theoretical ideal roller curve straightening accuracy was also calculated. Finite element model of the 6+2 pipe straightening machine was built using the finite element software Marc, and the entire straightening process was simulated. On basis of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, a certain original curvature of the pipe after the straightening of straightness and roundness was analyzed to prove a leveler straightening ability. A new straightening machine was present to improve the quality of pipe straightening.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 40-45 [
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NING Lin-xin,WANG Feng-qin,XIE Jia-ying
Development and Application of Mechanical Property Prediction Model of Alloy Structure Steel 40CrA in Shougang
The model was developed by using neural network method to predict the mechanical properties of alloy structure steel 40CrA. The visualized on-line prediction system was established by applying the software VC++ and Matlab software. From the application in practice, the system has the very high prediction reliability by comparison of predict values and measured ones. The precision of the prediction properties such as the yield strength and elongation achieves above 97%, which can meet the production demand.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 46-50 [
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WANG Fei-xue,DU Feng-shan,YU Hui,SUN Jing-na
Spread Rule During PQF Seamless Tube Rolling Process Based on FEM
According to the geometric pass and technological characteristics in the three-roll continuous mandrel rolling process, the effects of spread rule on the tube dimension accuracy and cross sectional area of tube was also investigated. A 3-D nonlinear finite element model of this process was established to predict the size of elongated shell. The simulation solutions show good agreement with the experiment results. By a series of simulations on different pass and different specifications, the influence factors of spread rule were studied including the effect of the lengthening coefficient and the clearance rate on the circumference coefficient and the effect of the lengthening coefficient and the reducing rate on the thickness coefficient. The spread model was also obtained by multiple linear regression analysis method which provides a theoretical basis for the pass design and the tube dimension precision of the three-roll continuous mandrel rolling process.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 51-55 [
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Materials
56
ZHANG Zhi-hong,XUE Xiang-xin,RAN Lian-yu,YANG He,DUAN Pei-ning
Effect of Different Boron Content on Corrosion Resistance of Low Carbon Steel
The effect of different boron content in low carbon steel on corrosion laws was investigated. The corrosion behavior of low carbon steels with different boron content was studied by salt spray corrosion test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the corrosion products of tested steels. The results show that the corrosion rate of tested steels is related to different boron content which added in the steels, the corrosion rate of the tested steel containing 0.002% boron is lower than that with no boron steel, on the contrary, it is higher when the boron content exceeds 0.002%, the corrosion rate of tested steels increases gradually when the boron content increases. A probable corrosion mechanism of boron is presented to explain the experimental results.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 56-59 [
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SHI Xian-bo,,ZHAO Lian-yu,YAN Wei,SHAN Yi-yin,SHEN Ming-gang,YANG Ke
Austenite Grain Growth Tendency of Several Spring Steels Used for High-Speed Trains
The prior austenite grain size of spring steel has an important effect on mechanical properties and fatigue properties. The prior austenite grain growth tendency of four spring steels, 51CrV4, 52CrMoV4, 60Si2CrVA and 60Si2MnA, used for high-speed trains was investigated by optical microscopy. The reason that four spring steels showed different coarsening temperatures was analyzed by TEM observation. Experimental results show that the chemical compositions of these spring steels have an important effect on the prior austenite grain growth, the addition of Cr, Mo and V in spring steels is effective in preventing the prior austenite grain growth, and the grain-coarsening temperature has a close relationship with the solution temperature of microalloy carbonitrides. In the temperature range of 800-1100℃, 51CrV4 shows the smallest prior austenite grain growth tendency, 52CrMoV4 and 60Si2CrVA are the second, 60Si2MnA possesses the largest prior austenite grain growth tendency.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 60-65 [
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ZHAN Wei, ,HU Jun, ,XU Guo-fu,,WANG Cun-yu,CAO Wen-quan,DONG Han
Effect of ART-Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Continuous Casting Billet
The effects of annealing temperature in the intercritical region on microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.1C5Mn continuous casting billet were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize microstructure evolution during annealing process. The residual austenite content in the continuous casting billet after being annealed was measured by X-ray diffraction. It is found that carbides precipitate in the matrix on a low annealing temperature and then it is decreased with increasing annealing temperature. In addition, increasing annealing temperature increases the tensile strength but decreases the yield strength. Furthermore, with the increasing of annealing temperature increase the product of tensile strength to total elongation tensile strength first increases with temperature high up to 650℃ and then decreases with further increasing of annealing temperature. The total elongation of the steels annealed at 625-650℃ could be high up to 20%-25%, indicating that intercritical annealing for the medium-Mn steels could be applied to improve the mechanical properties of the cast billets of medium-Mn steels.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 66-70 [
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Low-Carbon Bainite SteelLI De-fa,,WANG Shi-sen,XIONG Yu-zhang,XING Shu-qing,XIONG Tao,YU Hong-wei
Effect of Cooling Process After Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Nb-Ti Microalloyed
The effects of cooling process after rolling on microstructure, precipitated phase and mechanical properties of low-carbon bainite steel were investigated by method of SEM and TEM. The results show that ferrite and bainite dual phases can be obtained with air-cooling and accelerated cooling process after hot-rolled. The percentage of ferrite phase increases with the end of air-cooling temperature reduced, the size of ferrite and precipitated phase is larger, the lath of bainite is sharper and the edge is clearer. The shape of M/A constituent is film-like and changes with temperature. When temperature of completion in air-cooling are between 725℃ and 740℃, then it is cooled to 440℃ with cooling rate of 15℃/s, the comprehensive mechanical properties are excellent and can reach the requirements of Q690 of GB/T1591.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 71-75 [
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HE Fei,SHANG Cheng-jia,ZHANG Feng,BI Zong-yue
Hydrogen Sulfide Resistant Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low C-Mn Steels for Oil Well Casing
Alloy design, heat treatment process and microstructure and properties relationship of 621MPa(90ksi) grade oil well casing steels of H2S resistant corrosion were studied. Such two kinds as 0.08C-0.8Mn and 0.20C-08Mn of low C-Mn tested steels were designed, respectively. And the effect of dislocation, precipitation and carbide of tested steels after heat treatment on SSCC performance was investigated. The results show that the low C-Mn and Nb-V-Ti-B micro-alloy design has excellent mechanical properties, toughness and resistance to H2S stress corrosion cracking performance through proper quenching and tempering heat treatment process, to meet the requirements of the relevant standards. The results also show that the un-coplanar dislocation group, fine precipitates and dispersive high sphericity carbide would be beneficial to excellent hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 76-81 [
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HAN Shun，LI Yong，WANG Chun-xu，LIU Xian-min，LI Jian-xin
Behavior of Rotating-Bending Fatigue Failure of AF1410 Steel
High-cycle rotating-bending fatigue properties of high clean ultra-high strength steel AF1410 melted by VIM+VAR were investigated, and then the effect of nonmetal inclusion on fatigue properties in steel systematically was analyzed by mechanical test, analysis of microstructure and SEM of fractures. The results show that, after temper 5 hours at 510℃, AF1410 steel has excellent combined mechanical properties. Rotating-bending fatigue limit of the AF1410 steel reaches to 826MPa. By SEM of fractures, all the crack origins of fatigue stem from process flaws such as cutting marks, fine break. The main reason to lead to crack growth is stress concentration caused by surface flaw. One small and round non-metallic inclusion including La appears in the fractures of high clean steel AF1410 because of the addition of La. However, these inclusions can’t be the crack origins of fatigue.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 82-85 [
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Environmental Protection and Energy
86
XIANG Zhong-yong,WANG Xiao-liu,YIN Han
More Discussion on Evaluation Method for Productive Efficiency of Ironmaking Blast Furnace
The relationship among the ironmkaing principle, actual production data and production efficiency indicator was analyzed. The following advices are present, for instance, for choosing charging system and distribution system, the gas utilization efficiency should also be used as a criteria to determine reasonable gas flow distribution apart from smooth running. The energy consumption and cost are compared for comparing actual BF operation indicator. Additionally, for BF having surplus of equipment capacity, the utilization of equipments should be increased to increase the productivity, reduce energy consumption and cut down the cost.
2013 Vol. 48 (3): 86-90 [
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