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	2018 Vol. 53 No. 11
	Published: 2018-11-15

	1	SU Shi-huai，ZHAO Hai，JIANG Bo，ZOU Qiang，CONG Tao，ZHANG Guan-zhen
		Development and application of high-speed wheel product quality performance in China
		The speedup of China’s railways since the 1990’s and the launch of today’s “Fuxing” Chinese standard EMUs was introduced. In order to meet the development of China’s high-speed railways，Masteel has conducted a series of research work on the high-speed wheel，including the independent component design，the non-metallic inclusion control，and the manufacturing processes optimization，etc. The quality of the wheel made by Masteel was better than that of imported products. The service performance of the manufactured wheel was comprehensively evaluated by loading applications，and a system-wide R&D closed loop from product research to application was finally formed，supporting the development of China’s passenger speed from less than 80 km/h to 350 km/h or more. In the above，Masteel has realized the independence of the high-speed wheel technology and the localization of products. At the same time，we have also looked ahead to Masteel’s next step in the development of high-speed wheel product categories and market developments.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 350 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1041KB] ( 1026 )

	8	ZHANG Fan，，HUANG Run，，LI Ming-ming，，[LU]Xiao-dong，，ZHANG Jin-zhu，
		Effect of CaO on enhancement reduction of oolitic hematite by H2
		The reduction of the high phosphorus oolitichematite played an important role in subsequent magnetic separation. To provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization and development of oolitic hematite. The high phosphorus oolitic hematite was used as the raw material， H2 was the reducing agent. The effect of adding CaO in the reduction of highphosphorus oolitic hematite was studied. The results showed that when the temperature was 1 100 ℃ and the alkalinity was 1.0，the metallization rate was 92.05%. The XRD， SEM-EDS analysis showed that adding CaO makes most of the iron oxides reduced to metal iron， and the CaO effectively promoted the reduction of fayalite （Fe2SiO4） and spinel （FeAl2O4） into iron and the reduction of impurity components of metallic iron particles. The kinetic calculation results showed that the ore was in correspondence with the nuclear reaction model at 800-1 100 ℃. The apparent activation energy of ore was 49.16 kJ/mol and that of adding CaO ore is 56.46 kJ/mol. Both the two reduction processes are controlled by gas diffusion.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 8-13 [Abstract] ( 366 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1283KB] ( 967 )

	14	ZHANG Dai-lin，WANG Shuai，ZHANG Xiao-yong
		Application of LIBSVM regression algorithm in coke strength prediction
		With the development of large-scale blast furnaces and oxygen-enriched injection technologies， the role of coke in the blast furnace has been increasingly important. Establishing a coke quality prediction method with good applicability and high accuracy may be important for iron and steel enterprises. Support vector machine（SVM） is a machine learning method developed from statistics theories. It has many unique advantages in solving small sample problems， nonlinear and high-dimensional recognition problems. The prediction of the coke cold strength and thermal properties was based on parameters optimization of SVM method by the genetic algorithm. By comparing the deviations of the prediction results of the two factors and the five factors， it was known that a closer result can before casted when the SVM method building a model was used， considering the effect of the coal ash， the fineness and the average temperature of coke oven based on the effect of the volatile matter and the bond index of coal blend.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 14-21 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 779KB] ( 727 )

	22	ZHANG Kang-hui，ZHANG Yan-ling，WU Tuo
		Kinetics of hot metal desulfurization using CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-TiO2 slag
		Kinetic experiments of the hot metal desulfurization were carried out using the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-TiO2 slag at 1 673 to 1 773 K in the laboratory to study the desulfurization rate. The results indicated that the desulfurization rate was accelerated and the melting effect of slag was enhanced with the temperature increasing. The sulfur content was changeless after about 50 min for most of desulfurization reactions. A mathematical model of kinetics of hot metal desulfurization was developed to calculate the mass transfer coefficients and the mass transfer resistance of the sulfur in the molten slag during the desulfurization process. The mass transfer coefficients of sulfur were in the range of 5.02×10－7-18.69×10－7 m/s. The estimated activation energy was 464.06 kJ/mol at 1 673 to 1 723 K and 176.35 kJ/mol at 1 723 to 1 773 K. The distribution of the sulfur at the slag-metal interface was observed by the Mineral Liberation Analyzer（MLA）.Combined with the image of MLA， it is finally concluded that the mass transfer of sulfur in molten slag was the restrictive step at a high temperature during the desulfurization process.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 22-28 [Abstract] ( 381 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1582KB] ( 866 )

	29	LOU Wen-tao，ZHU Miao-yong，CHENG Zhong-fu
		Development and application of a new refining process for ladle bottom powder injection
		Regarding the requirement and development for producing clean steel with high efficiency，a new refining process of ladle bottom powder injection （L-BPI） was developed，and some important theory and key technologies related to this new process were investigated. The mechanisms both for the leakage of molten steel and powder clogging during bottom powder injection in the ladle were revealed，and the theory of designing the device for bottom powder injection was put forward，as well as the powder injection device that is wear proof and high temperature erosion resisting was invented and made. The inherent mechanism of multiphase flow transport and refining kinetics of the L-BPI was revealed. The key process technology of powder transport in ultra-slit refractory has been a breakthrough，and the new equipment with automatic control system for the L-BPI was developed. A successful application test of L-BPI in one steelmaking plant has been made，which shows high efficiency and low cost for secondary refining and the prospective for the development of new generation of clean steel production.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 29-35 [Abstract] ( 423 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1589KB] ( 1076 )

	36	LIU Nan，XIN Guang-sheng，WANG Wen-yi
		Process optimization of aluminum killed steel in Baogang Steel Mill
		Since the output and the variety of the aluminum killed steel increased in recent years， the production problem of the Al killed steel such as the clogging at the nozzle and the poor flow control due to the high Ca mass percent of the molten steel has attracted more and more attentions of researchers. In order to solve those problems， the problem in the production of the aluminum sedation steel in the No.5 casting machine of the BAO GANG Steel Mill was systematically analyzed. The deoxidization system combined the precipitation deoxidization （primary） and the diffusion deoxidization were used， and a new determination standard was adopted. Also， the refining slag system and the process and parameters of calcium treatment were optimized to control the composition of the molten steel and adjust the position and the angle of the feeding machine and so on， achieving the precision calcium treatment. The scheme was verified by the actual experiment. Compared with the scheme before optimization， a better economic benefit was obtained after the optimization， and the material consumption was saved in a great extent， which conforms to the current consumption of the steel industry and the green intelligentization of the state.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 36-40 [Abstract] ( 374 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 981KB] ( 737 )

	41	ZHAO Jia-qi，CAI Xiao-feng，ZOU Chang-dong
		Development and application of desulfurization process for 180 t RH vacuum refining furnace
		The desulfurization technology in the RH process was developed to reducethe sulfur mass percent in the non-oriented silicon steel. The desulfurization degree was controlled at 30%-60% in a RH reactor， and the ratio of in the W800 non-oriented silicon steel with[w([S])≤0.005 0%] was increased from 72.19% upto 98%. Meanwhile， this process was able to ensure that [w(T[O])＜]0.002 0% and[w([N])＜]0.001 5% at the end of the RH treatment. Through the slag deoxy-modification during the tapping and the RH treatment，[w((TFe))]at the end of the RH treatment was controlled below 3%. The slag basicity was kept above 5.0， and the sulfur distribution ratio between slag and steel was controlled at 80-260，which is favored to the improvement of the desulfurization process in the RH treatment.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 41-46 [Abstract] ( 483 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1035KB] ( 809 )

	47	YANG Fan，，HAN Yi-hua，，XU Jin-zhong，，ZHU Li-guang，
		Analysis of behavior of continuous casting residue in crystallizer under electromagnetic field
		Development status of continuous casting mold flux under the action of electromagnetic field. The variation of melting behavior（including melting temperature， melting rate， and melting uniformity），rheological behavior（including viscosity，viscosity temperature curve， transition temperature）and crystallization behavior （including crystalline ore phase，crystal size and crystallization rate）of protective slag under electromagnetic field is reviewed. Based on this analysis，the relationship between the slag structure and the behavior changes under the electromagnetic field is analyzed. Finally，the existing research questions and directions for further improvement are proposed. It provides a reference for the systematic study of the metallurgical properties of the protective slag under the action of electromagnetic fields and further theoretical research.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 47-55 [Abstract] ( 367 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1634KB] ( 876 )

	56	SONG Ming-ming，WANG Dong-cheng, ，ZHANG Shuai，XU Yang-huan，LIU Hong-min,
		Flatness pattern recognition model based on recurrent neural network
		The flatness pattern recognition is the key link of the flatness control. The traditional flatness pattern recognition has some shortcomings，such as the poor recognition precision and the poor anti-interference ability. With the complexity of the data regression tasks increasing，the classification algorithm based on the deep learning has been used for many tasks such as the data classification， the image processing，the pattern recognition and the feature extraction. A deep learning can achieve a complex function approximation by learning a kind of deep nonlinear network structure. Based on this background，a flatness pattern recognition model based on the recurrent neural network was proposed. The results showed that the flatness pattern recognition model based on RNN could achieve the training of large flatness data，and the recognition accuracy and the generalization ability of the model were very high. It provides a new method for the further improvement of the accuracy of the flatness control.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 56-62 [Abstract] ( 343 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1303KB] ( 688 )

	63	YU Tao，JING Yu-an，ZHANG Ya-qiao，DAI Zi-ying，YU Wei-da，CHANG Jian
		Interfacial microstructure morphologies of stainless steel clad plate
		The interfacial microstructures seriously affect the bonding strength and corrosion resistance. The SUS304 stainless steel/plain carbon steel clad plate was prepared by the hot rolling experiment in the argon atmosphere. The microstructure，the elemental diffusion and the embedment of the steel clad plate were observed and analyzed. The results showed that a mutual embedment between the two metals formed in the interfacial region of clad plates. The degree of embedment increased，the interfacial cavity decreased and the bonding strength rose with the increasing of the rolling pass. The carbon atoms diffused from the carbon steel to the stainless steel in the vicinity of the interface. The analysis of XRD and TEM showed that the Cr-rich carbide phase was M23C6. The shear strength of stainless steel clad plate increased with the reduction rate increasing. The shear strength reached 360 MPa after the hot rolling with a total reduction rate of 74.5%.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 63-69 [Abstract] ( 325 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2494KB] ( 891 )

	70	YANG Zhong-min，WANG Kai，SUN Xiu，DA Guang-jie
		Grain boundary ferrite morphology and grain boundary crack in Nb/Ti microalloyed steel billets
		In order to study the causes of surface transverse cracks of Nb/Ti microalloyed steel billets，the metallographic observation，scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） were used to comparative analysis of grain boundary ferrite microstructure of continuous casting billets and laboratory ingots of Nb/Ti microalloyed steel. Through microscopic observation and analysis，the grain boundary ferrite can be divided into two types according to the morphologies. One is that the side of interfaces of the grain boundary ferrite is linear and clear，and the other side is tortuous and unclear （called a clear grain interfaces on one side，GF-I type）. The second type is the tortuous and unclear types on both sides of grain boundaries （called it is non-clear on both sides of the grain interfaces，GF-II type）. In the two types of grain boundary ferrite，chain like micropores were observed. The chain linear micropores distributed along the clear interface side of grain boundary ferrite with a clear grain boundary on one side. The chain linear micropores distributed in a near the middle of grain boundary ferrite with non-clear interface on both sides. The existence of chain like micropores is due to the precipitation of Nb/Ti microalloying particles，which promoted the formation of grain boundary ferrite chain microporoes. As a result of Nb/Ti microalloying particles precipitated along the grain boundary of the prior austenite，the prior austenite grain boundary was pinned，meanwhile clear interface side of grain boundary ferrite are pinned，and changed the direction of the growth of the grain boundary ferrite. The growth direction of a clear grain boundary ferrite（GF-I type） grows toward austenite on the nucleation side and grows along grain boundaries of the prior austenite. Because of the pinning effect of precipitated particles，the austenite grain boundaries did not move，and the grain boundaries ferrite with non-clear on both sides interface（GF-II type） grew up to austenite on both sides. And micropores became the source of the transverse crack of continuous casting billet. The transverse crack of the continuous casting billet extended along a chain linear micropores.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 70-79 [Abstract] ( 405 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2436KB] ( 907 )

	80	LI Xue-tao，，，ZHANG Jie，JIANG She-ming，ZHANG Qi-fu， XU De-chao，，TENG Hua-xiang，
		Effect of heating rate on coating microstructure of galvanized hot-formed steel
		The morphology and microstructure of zinc coating of the galvanized hot-formed steel，before and after hot treatment at different heating rate，were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） with energy dispersive spectrometer system （EDS） and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy （GDOES）. The results showed that the coating mainly consisted of Γ phase and α-Fe（Zn），with the heating rate reduced，the content of α-Fe（Zn） phase in the coating gradually increased，the content of Γ phase in the coating gradually reduced. When the heat rate was at 5-15 ℃/s，the coating was almost entirely α-Fe（Zn）. With heating rate reduced mass percent of Fe and thickness of alloyed coating increased and the distribution of Fe and Zn was more uniformity. When samples heated to 900 ℃ with 5-15 ℃/s heating rate，the generation of Liquid-Metal-Induced-Embrittlement（LMIE） cracks during hot stamping could be effectively reduced.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 80-84 [Abstract] ( 346 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 776KB] ( 653 )

	85	SHI Zhi-yue，XU Hai-feng，XU Da，YU Feng，CAO Wen-quan
		Effects of metallurgical craftwork on high bending fatigue performance of GCr15 steel during high cycle rotation
		The research on the high cycle mechanical fatigue test of GCr15 bearing steel under vacuum degassing and electroslage remelting processes was studied. It was observed that under the condition of 107 times fatigue life，the bending fatigue strength of ESR bearing steel was 1 085 MPa，which was higher than that of vacuum degassing steel（1 000 MPa）. The fatigue fracture surface was characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The size of the inclusions derived from the electroslag process was 3.4-25.6 μm，while that of the vacuum degassing process was 13.3-71.9 μm. It is demonstrated that the size of large particle inclusions（DS） and their distribution are the key factors affecting the fatigue strength and life of bearing steels by studying the relationship between the characteristics of entire fatigue process，such as crack initiation core inclusions，the crack expanding fish-eye，the instantaneous fracture zone and the fatigue strength and the life of spin bending fatigue fracture. It was pointed out that reducing the size of large particle inclusions in bearing steel，controlling its distribution and increasing crack tolerance were still the development direction of metallurgical control of high-end bearing steel in the future.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 85-92 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1292KB] ( 1230 )

	93	YU Chao，ZHAO Yun-peng，XU Peng-peng，REN Jian-kai，XIAO Hong
		Effect of pure iron interlayer on properties of hot-roll bonding titanium clad steel plate
		In the light of the hot-roll bonding of titanium and carbon steel，brittle compounds are easily formed at the composite interface. A titanium and a carbon steel were bonded by vacuum hot rolling using a pure iron interlayer. The microstructure and properties of the composite plate were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy，as well as tensile-shear，bending and tensile tests. The results showed that，at heating temperature of 850 ℃，the bonding strength of the titanium clad steel plate could be improved by adding the pure iron interlayer at low reduction ratio. At heavy reduction ratio，high bonding strength could be achieved with or without the pure iron interlayer. Including the pure iron interlayer improved the bending and tensile properties of the titanium clad steel plate appreciably.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 93-101 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3743KB] ( 729 )

	102	WANG Li-jun，，RUAN Shi-peng，，WANG Ning-tao，，ZHAI Jin-po，， ZHANG Su-ping，，WANG Jing，
		Development and application on non-quenched and tempered steel for high strength fasteners
		In order to develop energy-saving non quenched and tempered cold heading steel with high strength，high toughness and good processability，non-quenched and tempered steel for high strength fasteners was produced by “BOF-LF-CC-controlling rolling and cooling” process. The microstructure and properties，drawing process，aging process of test steel were studied. The results showed that the steel was fine ferrite and pearlite，the tensile strength and elongation ratio of the steel were respectively 739 MPa and 22.2%. The tensile strength could meet the demand of 9.8 and 10.9 stage bolt when drawing reductions respectively at the range of 15%-25% and 30%-40%. As the aging temperature increased， the tensile strength and hardness initially increased and then decreased after 150-450 ℃ aging. The tensile strength and hardness reaches a maximum value. The tensile strength and hardness increased with aging time increased after 0-2 h at 250 ℃. When the drawing reduction is 40%，the steel can bear the compression of 24.6% height ratio of front and back without cracking.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 102-106 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1007KB] ( 1136 )

	107	XU Tian-jiao，ZHANG Sheng，GAO Jian-ye，FENG Jun-sheng，DONG Hui
		Determination method of thermal parameters of vertical tank for sinter waste heat recovery and its application
		The determination of thermal parameters of the vertical tank for the sinter waste heat recovery is one of the key factors to ensure the engineering implementation of the vertical tank waste heat recovery technology. The insufficient research on the determination of thermal parameters of the sinter waste heat recovery equipment was focused on，and a determination method of thermal parameters of the vertical tank was proposed based on the enthalpy exergy of the outlet heat carrier. With a domestic 2.6 million t/a sintering machine as a research object，suitable thermal parameters of the vertical tank were obtained through the analytical calculation method. The main process of the determination of thermal parameters is summarized as following： Ranges of thermal parameters meet the temperature requirements of the vertical tank process are determined firstly，and the orthogonal test is designed to obtain suitable thermal parameters of the vertical tank. Based on the single tank，thermal parameters of calculation example are that the gas-solid water equivalent is 1.06， the cooling section diameter is 9.0 m，the height diameter ratio is 1.0，and the enthalpy exergy of the outlet heat carrier is 21.33 MW.
		2018 Vol. 53 (11): 107-111 [Abstract] ( 357 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1046KB] ( 606 )

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