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2007年 14卷 4期
刊出日期：2007-08-15
Material
Metallurgy and Metal Working
Metallurgy and Metal Working
1
CHENG Susen;QIAN Liang;ZHAO Hongbo
Monitoring Method for Blast Furnace Wall With Copper Staves
A monitoring method that has been designed for the first time for blast furnace wall with copper staves manufactured in China was introduced. Combining the method of “inverse problem” and the concept “noninverse problem”, the monitoring program for blast furnace wall with copper staves has been realized, which can be used to calculate online the accretion thickness and temperature of hot surface of copper staves after obtaining the values of thermocouples of copper staves. The accretion state obtained in the actual investigation has proved that the result of the program is correct. The monitoring program shows that the accretion would easily fluctuate when the accretion layer is extremely thick or thin, thereby the stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace is hindered. By maintaining appropriate accretion thickness, both long campaigns and high productivity of the blast furnace can be achieved; furthermore, it can also optimize the operation of blast furnace and maximize its production. Approximately 30-50 mm in thickness of accretion layer is maintained on the wall of Shougang blast furnace 2, which can meet the requirement for obtaining both long campaign and high productivity.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 1-0 [
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6
AI Yuanfang;MEI Chi;HUANG Guodong;JIANG Shaojian
Perturbation Solutions for Thermal Process of Honeycomb Regenerator
A parameter perturbation for the unsteadystate heattransfer characteristics of honeycomb regenerator is presented. It is limited to the cases where the storage matrix has a small wall thickness so that no temperature variation in the matrix perpendicular to the flow direction is considered. Starting from a twophase transient thermal model for the gas and storage matrix, an approximate solution for regenerator heat transfer process is derived using the multiplescale method for the limiting case where the longitudinal heat conduction of solid matrix is far less than the convective heat transfer between the gas and the solid. The regenerator temperature profiles are expressed as Taylor series of the coefficient of solid heat conduction item in the model. The analytical validity is shown by comparing the perturbation solution with the experiment and the numerical solution. The results show that it is possible for the perturbation to improve the effectiveness and economics of thermal research on regenerators.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 6-0 [
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11
GONG Dianyao;XU Jianzhong;PENG Lianggui;WANG Guodong;LIU Xianghua
SelfLearning and Its Application to Laminar Cooling Model of Hot Rolled Strip
The mathematical model for online controlling hot rolled steel cooling on runout table (ROT for abbreviation) was analyzed, and water cooling is found to be the main cooling mode for hot rolled steel. The calculation of the drop in strip temperature by both water cooling and air cooling is summed up to obtain the change of heat transfer coefficient. It is found that the learning coefficient of heat transfer coefficient is the kernel coefficient of coiler temperature control (CTC) model tuning. To decrease the deviation between the calculated steel temperature and the measured one at coiler entrance, a laminar cooling control selflearning strategy is used. Using the data acquired in the field, the results of the selflearning model used in the field were analyzed. The analyzed results show that the selflearning function is effective.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 11-0 [
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15
HU Xianlei;JIAO Zhijie;HE Chunyu;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Forward and Backward Slip Models in MAS Rolling Process and Its OnLine Application
Based on the MAS rolling process in plate mill, the mathematical models of forward and backward slips of the wedges at plate head and tail were derived. According to the new model, the difference between the forward slip of the wedge and that of the normal part of the plate is obviously very small. The deviation is less than 25% in general. Thus, in actual application, the forward slip of normal part of the plate can be used to calculate the length of rolled plate instead of the derived model. The rationality of this simplified method was confirmed with the application in Shougang 3 500 mm plate mill. The test results showed that the wedges of plate head and tail are symmetrical. The plate width deviation is greatly decreased by using the MAS method.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 15-0 [
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20
JIAO Zhijie;HU Xianlei;ZHAO Zhong;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Derivation of Simplified Models of Plan View Pattern Control Function for Plate Mill
The plan view pattern control theoretical models were simplified. Under the condition of constant volume for the plan view pattern compensation, the relation between the thickness and the length can be simplified to the linearity in the segment for the plan view pattern control function. The compensation volume can be dispersed for easy calculation. By comparing the model calculation result with the actual result, it was concluded that the simplified model can be used for the online control process.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 20-0 [
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Material
24
YOU Xiangmi;JIANG Zhouhua;LI Huabing
UltraPure Ferritic Stainless Steels—Grade, Refining Operation, and Application
The grades of ultrapure ferritic stainless steels, especially the grades used in automobile exhaust system, were reviewed. The dependence of properties on alloying elements, the refining facilities, and the mechanism of the reactions in steel melts were described in detail. Vacuum, strong stirring, and powder injection proved to be effective technologies in the melting of ultrapure ferritic stainless steels. The application of the ferritic grades was also briefly introduced.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 24-0 [
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31
CHE Lei;GOTOH Masahide;HORIMOTO Yoshiaki;HIROSE Yukio
Effect of Microstructure of Cementite on Interphase Stress State in Carbon Steel
The experiments related to stress states of ferrite and cementite in carbon steels were carried out including in situ fourpoint bending and tensile test by Xray diffraction technique. Stresses in the cementite phase can be measured by conventional Xray diffraction instrument after a specific treatment on the specimen surface. In order to estimate the stress states in two phases, the Xray elastic constants of two phases in singlephase state (PXEC) are determined by the experimental Xray elastic constants of them in composite state (CXEC). The effects of volume fraction and particle size of spheroidal cementite on the interphase stress state are estimated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical relationships reported in the previous studies.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 31-0 [
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39
YOU Wei;XU Weihong;LIU Yaxiu;BAI Bingzhe;FANG Hongsheng
Effect of Chromium on CCT Diagrams of Novel AirCooled Bainite Steels Analyzed by Neural Network
The quantitative effects of chromium content on continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams of novel aircooled bainite steels were analyzed using artificial neural network models. The results showed that the chromium may retard the high and mediumtemperature martensite transformation.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 39-0 [
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43
V Abouei;H Saghafian;Sh Kheirandish
Dry Sliding Oxidative Wear in Plain Carbon Dual Phase Steel
To investigate the tribological potential of the dual phase (DP) steel as a wear resistant material, the wear and the friction characteristics of this steel, which consists of hard martensite islands embedded in a ductile ferrite matrix, have been investigated and compared with those observed in plain carbon hardened (H) steel that has the same carbon content of 02%. Dry sliding wear tests have been carried out using a pinondisk wear testing machine at different normal loads of 213 N, 285 N, 357 N, and 426 N and at a constant sliding velocity of 120 m/s. The analysis of surface and wear debris of samples showed that the wear mechanism was mainly mild oxidative. The friction and the wear rate of the H steel and the DP steel have been explained with respect to the microstructure and the wear mechanism.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 43-0 [
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49
TANG Guangbo;LIU Zhengdong;DONG Han;GAN Yong;KANG Yonglin;LI Liejun;MAO Xinping
Numerical Simulation of Austenite Recrystallization in CSP Hot Rolled CMn Steel Strip
An integrated mathematical model is developed to predict the microstructure evolution of CMn steel during multipass hot rolling on the CSP production line, and the thermal evolution, the temperature distribution, the deformation, and the austenite recrystallization are simulated. The characteristics of austenite recrystallization of hot rolled CMn steel in the CSP process are also discussed. The simulation of the microstructure evolution of CMn steel ZJ510L during CSP multipass hot rolling indicates that dynamic recrystallization and metadynamic recrystallization may easily occur in the first few passes, where nonuniform recrystallization and inhomogeneous grain size microstructure may readily occur; during the last few passes, static recrystallization may occur dominantly, and the microstructure will become more homogeneous and partial recrystallization may occur at relatively low temperature.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 49-0 [
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56
Selva Büyükakka?瘙塂;H Aktas;S Akturk
Effect of Plastic Deformation on Magnetic Properties of Fe40%Ni2%Mn Austenitic Alloy
The effects of plastic deformation on the magnetic properties of austenite structure in an Fe40%Ni2%Mn alloy is investigated by using Mssbauer spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques The morphology of the alloy has been obtained by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The magnetic behaviour of austenite state is ferromagnetic. After plastic deformation, a mixed magnetic structure including both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states has been obtained at the room temperature. The volume fraction changes, the effective hyperfine fields of the ferromagnetic austenite phase and isomery shift values have also been determined by Mssbauer spectroscopy. The Curie point (TC) and the Neel temperature (TN) have been investigated by means of DSC system for nondeformed and deformed FeNiMn alloy. The plastic deformation of the alloy reduces the TN and enhances the paramagnetic character of austenitic FeNiMn alloy.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 56-0 [
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61
Farid Akhtar;
Effect of Additive Cu10Sn Alloy on Sintering Behavior of Elemental Powders in Composition of 465 Stainless Steel
The addition of Cu10Sn alloy for developing the high strength 465 maraging stainless steel from elemental powders was studied. The sintering parameters investigated include the sintering temperature, the sintering time, and the mass percent of Cu10Sn. For vacuum sintering, effective sintering occurs at temperature between 1 250 ℃ and 1 300 ℃. The maximum sintered density was achieved at 1 300 ℃ for 60 min with 3% (in mass percent) Cu10Sn alloy. More than 3% (in mass percent) Cu10Sn content and temperature above 1 300 ℃ caused slumping of the samples. A maximum density of 74 g/cm3 was achieved with 3% (in mass percent) Cu10Sn content at a sintering temperature of 1 300 ℃ for 60 min. A maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 517 MPa was achieved with 3% (in mass percent) Cu10Sn content. With content higher than 2% (in mass percent) Cu10Sn, a maximum increase in the density was observed. The fracture morphologies of the sintered samples are also reported.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 61-0 [
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65
GE Hongliang;WEI Guoying;WU Qiong;ZHOU Qiaoying;WANG Xinyan
Influence of Bath Composition on Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited CoPtW Thin Films
Effect of bath composition ([Co2+]/[PtⅣ] and [WO2-4], [cit-]) and pH on the magnetic properties of electrodeposited CoPtW thin films has been investigated. Electrodeposited CoPtW thin films exhibited strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy when the ratio of [Co2+] to [PtⅣ] was 10; cathode current efficiency and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy showed little variations when [WO2-4] was lower than 01 mol/L, but perpendicular magnetic anisotropy had strengthened when [WO2-4] was over 01 mol/L, which could be explained by the fact that the hydrogen evolution could produce pores as magnetic domain pinnings; citrate as complexing reagent can promote the polarization of [Co2+] and [PtⅣ]. As a result, the equilibrium electrode potentials of cobalt and platinum moved to negative direction, which led to the codeposition of Co, Pt, and W. It was also found out that the asdeposited CoPtW hard magnetic thin films were very homogeneous, smooth, and had the maximum coercivity for the bath pH 85 and the concentration of citrate 026 mol/L.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 65-0 [
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69
Robert D Shull
Nanocrystalline and Nanocomposite Magnetic Materials and Their Applications
Nanocrystalline materials can possess bulk properties quite different from those commonly associated with conventional largegrained materials. Nanocomposites, a subset of nanocrystalline materials, in addition have been found to possess magnetic properties which are similar to, but different from, the properties of the individual constituents. New magnetic phenomena, unusual property combinations, and both enhanced and diminished magnetic property values are just some of the changes observed in magnetic nanocomposites from conventional magnetic materials. Here, a description will be presented of some of the exciting new properties discovered in nanomaterials and the magnetic applications envisioned for them.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 69-0 [
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75
WANG Jianzhong;QI Jingang;DU Huiling;ZHANG Zhenbin;
Heredity of Aluminum Melt Caused by Electric Pulse Modification (Ⅰ)
The heredity of aluminum melt under the action of pulse electric field was investigated by means of the remelt experiment. A new hereditary criterion under this condition was proposed; in the meantime, the differential transferability of genetic carrier in activated melt among filial generations was validated with the aid of DSC.
2007 Vol. 14 (4): 75-0 [
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