钢铁研究学报(英文版)
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2012年 19卷 4期
刊出日期：2012-04-15
材料
工艺
工艺
1
ZHANG Fang,,AN Sheng-li,LUO Guo-ping,,WANG Yi-ci,
Effect of Basicity and Alumina-Silica Ratio on Formation of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum
Abstract： Baivumebo iron ore is special magnetite containing fluorine, kalium and sodium elements, and the main raw material for ironmaking of Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co. The effects of basicity and ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 (A/S) on the formation of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA) in Baivumebo low silica sinters were studied by means of mini-sintering, XPF-500 optical mineralogical microscope and CSS-88000 electronic universal testing machine. The results show that it is beneficial to the formation of complex calcium ferrite to enhance the basicity of Baivumebo low silica sinters. The acicular SFCA-I was increased with the enhancing basicity and reached the peak at basicity 28, then the columnar or platy SFCA formed and the bonding strength decreased. Alumina is beneficial to the formation of acicular complex calcium ferrite in Baivumebo low silica sinters. But the residual unfused Al2O3 reagent came into being when A/S was 035, while complex calcium ferrite still remained to be acicular. There is a common rule about mineralogy components affected by basicity and ratio of A/S, that is, SFCA is increasing accompanied with hematite and porosity reduced, but the content of glass phase is stable.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 1-5 [
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6
MU Lin,JIANG Xin,GAO Qiang-jian,WEI Guo,SHEN Feng-man
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Low Temperature Metallurgical Property of Sinter
Abstract： Hydrogen-enrich iron making process is certainly to be an effective method to reduce greenhouse gases emission. However, the effect of hydrogen addition on the low temperature metallurgical property of sinter is still unclear. A detailed investigation was performed on the above topic. The results are as follows. When CO is partially replaced by H2, the RDI＜315 (RDI＜28) of sinter decreases with the increase of the H2 content; when the content of H2 increases, the CO, CO2 and N2 decrease proportionally, in this case, RDI＜315 (RDI＜28) of sinter increases with the increase of H2 content; the value of RDI＜315 (RDI＜28) basically depends on the reduction index (Ri).The experimental data of RDI＜28 based on Japanese industrial standard (JIS) are a little higher than the data of RDI＜315 based on Chinese industrial standard (CIS) in the same condition. In addition, for part of CO is replaced by H2: RDI＜28=338394+11585 RDI＜315; for other gases, except H2, are decreased proportionally: RDI＜28=1739678+042922 RDI＜315.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 6-10 [
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11
XIONG Wei,JIA Juan,CHEN Jia-chao,SHANG He-ming
Failure Mechanism and Material Requirements for Coal Lance in Blast Furnac
Abstract： Pulverized coal injection (PCI) is a key technology in modern ironmaking by blast furnace (BF) and the life of injection lance has a great influence on PCI operation and on normal running of blast furnace. It is found that the main reasons for the failure of the lances are their outer surface oxidation and the inner surface erosion through monitoring some lances used in BF. The outer surface oxidation of the lances made of lCr18Ni9Ti is inevitable under high hot blast temperature condition through thermodynamics analysis. A mathematical model for calculating the temperature of common monocular coal lance had been developed according to the principles of mass and energy balance. Increasing temperature and flow velocity of the hot blast would cause a rise in the lance temperature. The influence of hot blast temperature is more obvious. The lance temperature would decline when compressed air flux increases. Conveying technology of dense phase pulverized coal is beneficial to extending lance′s life because decreasing solid-gas ratio would intensify erosion and burning loss. The anti-oxidation temperature of lance materials needs to be over 1000 ℃ for BF intensified smelting. In order to increase the resistance to oxidation of the coal lance′s outer surface, oxidation-resistant steel or Al coating stainless steel is the appropriate material for BF use. Employing the metal surface treatment technology to enhance the hardness of the coal lance′s internal surface could prolong the service life of coal lance.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 11-16 [
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17
WU Long,PEI Fen,CHEN Yu,LI Shi-qi
Experimental Study on Deep Desulfurizer in LF Process
Abstract： CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-MgO was selected as the slag system for desulfurization in LF process. The reaction between steel and slag during desulfurization has been simulated by using Factsage software to study the influence of component on the sulfur distribution ratio. In order to research the influence of CaO content, aluminum powder content and its granularity on desulfurization, laboratory experiments have been carried out in a 200 kg inductive furnace. Results showed that the optimal composition of deep desulfurizer is wCaO=64% and aluminium powder 10% with a granularity of 30 μm. Industrial trials showed that the main composition range of final slag in LF process is wCaO=530%-570%, wAl2O3=234%-251%, wSiO2=81%-100%, and wCaF2=32%-47%. The sulfur mass percent in steel is lower than 00008% with a desulfurization rate above 89%. According to the result of industrial production, this desulfurizer could meet the production requirement for ultra-low sulfur steel, of which sulfur mass percent is under 00015%.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 17-21 [
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CUI Huai-zhou,,CHEN Wei-qing
Effect of Boron on Morphology of Inclusions in Tire Cord Steel
Abstract： B2O3 was added to tire cord steel during refining in a carbon tube furnace. The influence of boron on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. The melting points of boron-bearing compound oxide inclusions were calculated using Factsage software. The results showed that the main inclusion was a boron-bearing compound oxide and the deformation properties of the inclusions were clearly improved by adding B2O3. As the boron content was increased from 00046% to 0039%, the proportion of long strip type inclusions changed slightly and the number of inclusions decreased. The low-melting point areas of the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system increased with the addition of B2O3. Moreover, the area increased with the increase of B2O3 content. Clear improvements in the deformation ability of the inclusions occurred when the B2O3 mass percent rose to 5% in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 inclusion system and to 10% in the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 inclusion system.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 22-27 [
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28
CHANG Guo-wei,CHEN Shu-ying,LI Qing-chun,YUE Xu-dong,JIN Guang-can
Lateral Growth Rate of Cells in Melt
Abstract： Growth process of δ-phase was studied during the solidification of carbon steel. Through analyzing the solute diffusion around cylindrical crystals in the melt, the mathematic representation of lateral growth rate of cylindrical crystals was confirmed; the calculation and analysis of lateral growth rate were carried out. In order to validate the theoretical calculation and analysis, the growth process of δ-phase during the solidification was in-situ observed using a confocal scaning laser microscope (CSLM) and the growth rates were measured through CSLM images. The results show that lateral growth rates of δ-phase in the carbon steel first rapidly decrease with the increase of the radius of the cylindrical crystal, and then slowly fall down or maintain invariable. The radius of δ-phase is the primary factor to affect the growth rate. The higher the temperature gradient is, the bigger the growth rate is. However, the effect of the temperature gradient is feeble. Good correlation is obtained between theoretical analysis and experiment results in absolute values of lateral growth rate and change rule.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 28-33 [
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34
XU An-jun,,ZHANG Hui-ning,,YANG Yi,,CUI Jian,HE Dong-feng,,TIAN Nai-yuan,
Optimization Study of Calcium Leaching From Steelmaking Slag
Abstract： In order to study calcium leaching behavior for the steelmaking slag, factors that influence the leaching yield have been optimized. The results show that granularity of the slag, liquid to solid ratio (in short for L/S), temperature and reaction time have a significant effect on the leaching yield. The optimal conditions for leaching are determined as follows: 1) the granularity at 75 μm, L/S at 100, temperature at 60 ℃; 2) the granularity at 75 μm, L/S at 50, temperature at 40 ℃. Finally, the optimal leaching yield under these conditions is about 15%.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 34-38 [
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39
LIU En-yang,ZHANG Dian-hua,SUN Jie,PENG Liang-gui,GAO Bai-hong,SU Li-tao
Algorithm Design and Application of Laminar Cooling Feedback Control in Hot Strip Mill
Abstract： Feedback control is one of the most important ways to improve coiling temperature control precision during laminar cooling process. Laminar cooling equipments of a hot strip mill and structure of the control system were introduced. Feedback control algorithm based on PI controller and that based on Smith predictor were designed and tested in a hot strip mill respectively. Practical application shows that the feedback control system based on PI controller plays a limited role in improving coiling temperature control precision. The feedback control system based on Smith predictor runs stable and reliable. When the measured coiling temperature deviates from the target value, it can be adjusted to the required range quickly and steadily by Smith predictor feedback control, which improves the coiling temperature control precision greatly, and qualities of hot rolled strips are improved significantly.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 39-42 [
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材料
42
Mehdi Mazar Atabaki,,Sajjad Jafari,,Hassan Abdollah-pour
Abrasive Wear Behavior of High Chromium Cast Iron and Hadfield Steel—A Comparison
Abstract： Wear properties of two different crushers used for grinding raw materials of cement industry are compared using pin-on-disk wear test. The wear test was carried out with different loads on a pin. Abrasive wear behavior of two alloys was evaluated by comparing mass loss, wear resistance, microhardness and friction coefficient. The microstructure of the specimens was detected using optical microscope. The results showed that abrasive wear of high chromium cast iron is lower than that of Hadfield steel. Due to the presence of M7C3 carbides on the high chromium cast iron matrix, impact crushers exhibited higher friction coefficient.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 42-50 [
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51
CHEN Yin-li,WANG Yan,ZHAO Ai-min
Precipitation of AlN and MnS in Low Carbon Aluminium-Killed Steel
Abstract： The precipitation kinetics of AlN and MnS in low carbon aluminium-killed steel was calculated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and phase analyses have been used to investigate the morphology, compositions and particle size distribution of AlN and MnS precipitates in three positions of the coil. The particles of AlN and MnS precipitates in the ferrite region after coiling and distributes along and adjacent to the ferrite grain boundaries. The shapes of AlN are plate-like, the precipitates size is about 10 to 60 nm; the shapes of MnS are spherical, the precipitates size is about 200 to 600 nm. The precipitation behavior of AlN is sensitive to the isothermal temperature and holding time, the precipitation quantity and particle size distribution of AlN in different positions of coil are unequal.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 51-56 [
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ZHAO Jin-long,XI Yan,SHI Wen,LI Lin
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Manganese TRIP Steel
Abstract： Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of newly designed 01C-6Mn-05Si-1Al TRIP-aided steels under different annealing conditions and the effects of matrix microstructure before intercritical annealing on the final microstructure were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), dilatometric simulation, optical microstructure (OM) and tensile testing in this work. The experimental results indicate that the TRIP steel with Mn of 6% could form a considerable amount of retained austenite with good TRIP effect after a simple intercritical annealing treatment, and the matrix microstructure before intercritical annealing treatment can greatly affect the final microstructure. The original microstructure of the ferritic matrix steel was eliminated, while annealed martensite was remained from the martensite matrix steel under the same intercritical annealing conditions.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 57-62 [
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63
S K Ghosh,P Mallick,P P Chattopadhyay
Effect of Cold Deformation on Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties in an Austenitic Stainless Steel for Structural and Safety Applications
Abstract： The effects of cold deformation on the formation of strain induced α′ martensite and mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel have been examined. X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that 30% and 40% cold rolling have resulted in the formation of 24% and 315% martensite respectively. Microstructural investigation has demonstrated that the formation of martensite is enhanced with increase in the percent deformation at 0 ℃. Investigation of mechanical properties reveals that hardness, yield strength and tensile strength values increase where as percent elongation drops with increasing deformation. The fractographic observation corroborates the tensile results. Examination of sub-surface at the fractured end of the tensile sample manifests that void/microcrack nucleation occurs in the interfacial regions of the martensite phase as well as at the austenite-martensite interface.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 63-68 [
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ZHANG Jian,,PENG Yan,,LIU Hong-min,,LIU Yun-fei,
Influence of Normal Load, Sliding Speed and Ambient Temperature on Wear Resistance of ZG42CrMo
Abstract： To investigate the wear resistance of ZG42CrMo in industrial application, the wear behaviors under different normal loads, sliding speeds and ambient temperatures were simulated by an MMU-5G abrasion tester to acquire the friction coefficients and wear rates, with the morphology of worn surface observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition of worn surface and debris analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Combine with the theory of tribology, finally the regular of environmental factors′ influence on material wear behaviors is determined. The results show that the increase of load decreases wear resistance significantly, when the pressure reaches a certain extent, severe spalling occurs on the worn surface; the changes of speed result in the changes of size of abrasive debris, and then effect the wear behaviors, in the increasing process of speed, the wear rate increases firstly and then decreases; the rise of temperature causes changes in wear mechanism, bring forth oxidation film on the worn surface, which leads to significant improvement of the wear resistance of materials under high temperature compared to that under low temperature.
2012 Vol. 19 (4): 69-74 [
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ZHANG Xiang-yu,HUANG Xiao-bo,JIANG Li,MA Yong,FAN Ai-lan,TANG Bin
Antibacterial Property of Cu Modified Stainless Steel by Plasma Surface Alloying
Abstract： Stainless steel (SS) is not recommended to be used in hospital environments for work surfaces and door furniture due to the lack of antibacterial properties. To this end, a novel SS surface modified layer with both a quick bacterial killing rate and relatively thick has been obtained by plasma surface alloying with Cu. The microstructure, elements distribution and phase identification were analyzed by SEM, GDS, XRD and XPS. A spread plate method was adopted for evaluation of antibacterial property of specimens against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The experimental results demonstrate that the surface modified layer with the thickness of about 26 μm is uniform and dense. The layer is mainly composed of a mixture of pure Cu, expanded austenite phase and a few Fe3O4 phase. The Cu modified layer exhibits excellent antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus within 1 h. No viable E. coli and S. aureus was found after 3 h (100% killed). The modified layer is relatively thick, hence it is expected that the Cu modified SS will have a durable antibacterial function.
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