钢铁研究学报(英文版)
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2006 Vol. 13 No. 6
Published: 2006-12-15
Metallurgy and Metal Working
1
ZHANG Shourong
Practice for Extending Blast Furnace Campaign Life at Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation
One of the problems encountered in 60′s to 80′s of 20th century in China′s steel industry was short life of blast furnace shaft as well as the excessive erosion of blast furnace hearth. A series of research work was carried out in order to extend blast furnace campaign life. The concept of research and development was integrated in the construction of BF (blast furnace) No5 at WISCO (Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation), and in October, 1991, the BF No5 was blown in. The blast furnace has worked smoothly for more than 15 years without any medium repair even guniting. It is expected that the campaign life of BF No5 would be longer than 16 years with a production over 11 000 t per unit inner volume (m3). A new blast furnace with an inner volume of 3 400 m3 is under construction, and is designed with a campaign life of 20 years without any medium repair. The campaign life of blast furnaces in China has been extended in recent years.
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CHU Mansheng;YANG Xuefeng;SHEN Fengman;YAGI Junichiro;NOGAMI Hiroshi
Numerical Simulation of Innovative Operation of Blast Furnace Based on MultiFluid Model
A multifluid blast furnace model was simply introduced and was used to simulate several innovative ironmaking operations. The simulation results show that injecting hydrogen bearing materials, especially injecting natural gas and plastics, the hydrogen reduction is enhanced, and the furnace performance is improved simultaneously. Total heat input shows obvious decrease due to the decrease of heat consumption in direct reduction, solution loss and silicon transfer reactions. If carbon composite agglomerates are charged into the furnace, the temperature of thermal reserve zone will obviously decrease, and the reduction of ironbearing burden materials will be retarded. However, the efficiency of blast furnace is improved just due to the decrease in heat requirements for solution loss, sinter reduction, and silicon transfer reactions, and less heat loss through top gas and furnace wall. Finally, the model is used to investigate the performance of blast furnace under the condition of top gas recycling together with plastics injection, cold oxygen blasting and carbon composite agglomerate charging. The lower furnace temperature, extremely accelerated reduction rate, drastically decreased CO2 emission and remarkably enhanced heat efficiency were obtained by using the innovative operations, and the blast furnace operation with superhigh efficiency can be realized.
2006 Vol. 13 (6): 8-0 [
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CAI Jiuju;DONG Hui;WANG Guosheng;YANG Jun
Gas Flow Distribution in Pelletizing Shaft Furnace
Through thermal test, cold state experiment, analysis and simulation of thermal process, the gas flow distribution in pelletizing shaft furnace (PSF) was discussed. The results show that there are five flowing trends; among them, the downward roasting gas and the upward cooling gas are the most unsteady, which influence flow distribution greatly. Among the operating parameters, the ratio of inflow is a key factor affecting the flow distribution. The roasting and cooling gases will entirely flow into the roasting zone and internal vertical air channels (IVAC), respectively, if the ratio of inflow is critical. From such a critical operating condition increasing roasting gas flow or decreasing cooling gas flow, the roasting gas starts flowing downwards so as to enter the inside of IVAC; the greater the ratio of inflow, the larger the downward flowrate. Among constructional parameters, the width of roasting zone b1, width of IVAC b2 and width of cooling zone b3, and the height of roasting zone h1, height of soaking zone h2 and height of cooling zone h3 are the main factors affecting flow distribution. In case the ratio of b2/b1, or h3/h2, or h1/h2 is increased, the upward cooling gas tends to decrease while the downward roasting gas tends to increase with a gradual decrease in the ratio of inflow.
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ZHAO Dewen;XIE Yingjie;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
ThreeDimensional Analysis of Rolling by Twin Shear Stress Yield Criterion
Using the twin shear stress yield criterion, the surface integral of the coline vectors, and the integration depending on upper limit, Kobayashi′s threedimensional velocity field of rolling was analyzed and an analytical expression of rolling torque and single force was obtained. Through redoing the same experiment of rolling pure lead as Sims, the calculated results by the above expression were compared with those of Kobayashi and Sims formulae. The results show that the twin shear stress yield criterion is available for rolling analysis and the calculated results by the new formula are a little higher than those by Kobayashi and Sims ones if the reduction ratio is less than 30%.
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GUO Zhongfeng;LI Changsheng;XU Jianzhong;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Analysis of Temperature Field and Thermal Crown of Roll During Hot Rolling by Simplified FEM
Thermal crown of roll is an important factor, which affects strip profile. It is necessary to analyze the temperature field and thermal crown of roll for hot strip mill. A new simplified finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the temperature field and thermal crown of roll, and corresponding models were built according to the practical boundary conditions. Transient roll temperature field and thermal crown were simulated by ANSYS FEM software with considering transient thermal contact and complex boundary condition. Temperature and thermal crown variations on roll surface nodes were obtained. The thermal crown results of roll obtained by FEM simulation were in good agreement with the measured data, indicating that simplified FEM models and results were correct.
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YU Hailiang;LIU Xianghua;LI Changsheng;Y. Kusaba
Behavior of Transversal Crack on Slab Corner During VH Rolling Process
The behavior of transversal cracks on the surface of the slab corner during vertical and horizontal (VH) rolling process with flat vertical roll and groove vertical roll was simulated by explicit dynamic finite element method. The closure and growth of crack and the contact pressure on surfaces of the crack in contacting zone between slab and roll during rolling process were analyzed. The results showed that during vertical rolling process, when the groove vertical roll is used, the maximum contact pressure on surfaces of the crack is 115 MPa, and the closure of crack is stable; when the flat vertical roll is used, the maximum contact pressure on surfaces of the crack is 70 MPa, and it fluctuates greatly. During horizontal rolling process, when groove vertical roll is used, the contact pressure becomes zero which may accelerate the growth of crack; when flat vertical roll is used, there is still contact pressure. The calculated results are in good agreement with the results of test.
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HU Changqing;CHEN Liyun;ZHANG Chunxia;QI Yuanhong;YIN Ruiyu
Emission Mitigation of CO2 in Steel Industry: Current Status and Future Scenarios
The sustainable development against global warming is a challenge faced by societies at global level. For steel industry, the pressure of reducing CO2 emission is likely to last many years. During the past decades, the CO2 emission per ton steel has been reduced mainly due to the improvement of energy efficiency. Entering the 21st century, the steel manufacturing route must have three functions, namely, production of high performance steel products, conversion of energy, and treatment of waste. In the near future, it is expected that existing BFBOF and EAF routes will be improved, in order to produce high performance steels, increase the use of scrap, and integrate steel industry with other industries for mitigating CO2 emission. In the long term, using carbonfree energy, reducing agents, and storing CO2 securely or converting CO2 into a harmless substance can be presumed for tremendous reduction in CO2 emission.
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HU Changqing;CHEN Liyun;ZHANG Chunxia;QI Yuanhong;YIN Ruiyu
Emission Mitigation of CO2 in Steel Industry: Current Status and Future Scenarios
The sustainable development against global warming is a challenge faced by societies at global level. For steel industry, the pressure of reducing CO2 emission is likely to last many years. During the past decades, the CO2 emission per ton steel has been reduced mainly due to the improvement of energy efficiency. Entering the 21st century, the steel manufacturing route must have three functions, namely, production of high performance steel products, conversion of energy, and treatment of waste. In the near future, it is expected that existing BFBOF and EAF routes will be improved, in order to produce high performance steels, increase the use of scrap, and integrate steel industry with other industries for mitigating CO2 emission. In the long term, using carbonfree energy, reducing agents, and storing CO2 securely or converting CO2 into a harmless substance can be presumed for tremendous reduction in CO2 emission.
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Material
43
LIU Haohuai;WANG Jun;YANG Hongshan;SHEN Baoluo;GAO Sheji;HUANG Sijiu
Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Property of 14Cr2Mn2V High Chromium Cast Iron Subjected to Subcritical Treatment
Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, hardening behavior and abrasion resistance of 14Cr2Mn2V high chromium cast iron (HCCI) subjected to subcritical treatment was investigated. The results show that cryogenic treatment after subcritical treatment can obviously improve the hardness and abrasion resistance of HCCI because abundant retained austenite is transformed into martensite and fine secondary carbides [(Fe, Cr)23C6] precipitate. The amount of martensite and precipitated secondary carbide in HCCI experiencing subcritical treatment followed by cryogenic treatment was more than that experiencing the subcritical treatment followed by air cooling. When the abrasion resistance of HCCI reaches the maximum, its microstructure contains about 15% retained austenite. Cryogenic treatment can further reduce the austenite content but the retained austenite cannot be transformed into martensite completely.
2006 Vol. 13 (6): 43-0 [
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ZHOU Li;SUN Dale;LIU Changsheng;WU Qiong
Fatigue Behavior of High Speed Steel Roll Materials for Hot Rolling by Laser Impacting
The fatigue behavior of high speed steel (HSS) roll materials for hot rolling was researched under watercooling conditions by laser impacting. The microstructure of HSS sample and the morphologies of fatigue samples were observed by scanning electron microscope. The phase structure was detected by XRD. The morphology of situ oxide scale was observed by optical microscope, and the expansion coefficient was measured by TGA. The experiment results indicate that the cracks come into being at the carbidematrix interface, but there are no cracks in the matrix after many times of laser impacting treatment, for the situ sample taken from the fractured roll surface, big carbides are more sensitive to the fatigue, and peel off prior to small ones. The relevant fatigue mechanisms are also discussed.
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XU Yunbo;YU Yongmei;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Thermodynamic Calculation of Carbide Precipitate in Niobium Microalloyed Steels
On the basis of regular solution sublattice model, thermodynamic equilibrium of austenite/carbide in FeNbC ternary system was investigated. The equilibrium volume fraction, chemical driving force of carbide precipitates and molar fraction of niobium and carbon in solution at different temperatures were evaluated respectively. The volume fraction of precipitates increases, molar fraction of niobium dissolved in austenite decreases and molar fraction of carbon increases with decreasing the niobium content. The driving force increases with the decrease of temperature, and then comes to be stable at relatively low temperatures. The predicted ratio of carbon in precipitates is in good agreement with the measured one.
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DU Linxiu;ZHANG Zhongping;TIAN Yuwei;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Fatigue Properties of Supersteel for Automobiles
gy Center, Benxi Steel Group, Benxi 117000, Liaoning, China)
Abstract： The fatigue properties of 400 MPa grade supersteel, plain low carbon steel SS400 and microalloyed steel Q340TM were investigated through tensilecompression fatigue experiment with R=-1. The results indicate that the fatigue limit of the 400 MPa supersteel is higher than that of SS400 steel and close to that of the 340TM steel. According to the analysis of fatigue fracture, the fatigue striations of supersteel SS400 is thinner than that of SS400 steel and 340TM steel, and grain refinement can increase the fatigue limit.
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WANG Zhaodong;GUO Yanhui;ZHAO Zhong;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Effect of Processing Condition on Texture and Drawability of a Ferritic Rolled and Annealed InterstitialFree Steel
The processing conditions of the texture formation and deep drawability of a TiIF steel strip hotrolled in ferritic region and subsequently annealed were investigated. The rvalue increases with the decrease of reheating temperature, and finish rolling temperature and the increase of reductions in ferritic region. For lubricated ferritic rolling and annealing, the rvalue is raised up to 175, and elongation rate is over 50% at the finish rolling temperature of 650 ℃, which is suitable for DDQ grade products. However, the rvalue is below 10 in the case of unlubricated rolling. The Xray diffraction was used to analyze the textural characteristic of samples. For samples subjected to lubricated rolling and annealing, the strong {111}∥ND recrystallization texture is distributed homogeneously along the thickness direction, and the intensity of {110} recrystallization texture is very low even in surface. However, for unlubricated samples, the {111} texture is distributed inhomogeneously and is weak along the thickness direction, and {110}∥ND recrystallization texture is strong, which deteriorates the formability.
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DING Hua;TANG ZhengYou;LI Wei;WANG Mei;SONG Dan
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of FeMn(Al, Si) TRIP/TWIP Steels
The mechanical properties and microstructure of two low carbon high manganese steels with 238% (No1) and 33% (No2) (mass percent) of manganese were investigated. The results showed that No1 steel possesses high strength and high plasticity, and No2 steel has a relatively high strength and extraordinary plasticity. The No1 steel exhibits both TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) and TWIP (twin induced plasticity) effects during the deformation; while only TWIP effect appeared under the same deformation condition for No.2 steel. The comparison between the microstructures and mechanical properties of two steels was made, and the strengthening mechanisms were also analyzed.
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GAO Xiuhua;QI Kemin;DENG Tianyong;QIU Chunlin;ZHOU Ping;DU Xianbin
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predicting Hardenability of Gear Steel
The prediction of the hardenability and chemical composition of gear steel was studied using artificial neural networks. A software was used to quantitatively forecast the hardenability by its chemical composition or the chemical composition by its hardenability. The prediction result is more precise than that obtained from the traditional method based on the simple mathematical regression model.
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LIU Yue;WU Wei;LIU Liu;LIU Ming;LI Yangzhou
Thermodynamics Behavior of Titanium for BOF Smelting Bearing Steel
When titanium element appears in bearing steel, it is very easy to create titanium nitride inclusion, which reduces the fatigue life of bearing steel. Based on the production data of bearing steel produced by BOF, it is found that the titanium takes its source in bearing steel; the factors affecting titanium content, and the thermodynamics behavior of titanium under smelting condition were studied. The results show that the prime reasons of titanium content increment are the soluble aluminum content and the titanium oxide of slag. The comparison between the experimental data and theoretical ones shows that there is a big declination when the soluble aluminum content of steel is higher, which is caused by the nonequilibrium reaction of slag and steel. The apparent equilibrium distribution coefficient of titanium between slag and steel is obtained by use of experimental data.
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