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2006 Vol. 41 No. 10
Published: 2006-10-15
综合论述
1
ZHENG Lei;FU Junyan
Development of High Performance Pipeline Steel
The development of high performance pipeline steel in recent years in the world is reviewed. The modern high performance pipeline steel has been developing for high strength, heavy wall, high deformability and HICresistance. For the investment reduction of long distance natural gas pipeline project, the X100 and X120 grades ultrahigh strength pipeline steels were developed and the demonstration pipeline lines of X100 and X120 were successfully constructed. Based on “strainbased design”, high deformability grade X65X100 high strength pipeline steel with dualphase microstructure were developed, which can be laid in seismic region, cold region and soil and water loss region. The steel grade for offshore pipeline and HICresistance pipeline has been stepped from X65 to X70, and the X70 pipes with a wall thickness up to 34 mm have been applied in offshore pipeline project. The new ultralow carbon, high niobium and chromium high strength pipeline steel X80 produced by HTP has high performance and lower cost by using chromium instead of molybdenum which were used in the X80 pipeline project in USA.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 1-0 [
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原料与炼铁
11
ZHOU Mingshun;LIU Wanshan;DOU Liwei;LI Yanru;ZHAI Liwei
Angang Iron and Steel Group Co. Itself
The basic sintering characteristics of 4 kinds of iron ore concentrate used at AISC were investigated. On the basis of the results, the statistic model of proportioning ore for sinter was established by optimal design of experiment. Using this model, the proportion of each kind of ore was obtained for obtaining optimum and worst sintering indexes. The optimum proportioning ore was proposed. The industrial trial results of optimum ore proportioning show that sinter techeconomic indexes, especially including sinter ore size distribution and solid fuel consumption are improved. It was found that adding iron ore concentrate A for pelletizing has superiority, the bentonite proportion is reduced by 8.69% and drum strength is increased by 0.35%.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 11-0 [
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16
FANG Yongzheng;CAO Yinping;JIN Minglin;YANG Junhe;QIAN Zhanfen
Anthracite in Coal Blend on MicroCrystal and Pore Structure of Coke
Coking was carried out by use of coal blends with anthracite. The change in structure of microcrystals of coke was investigated according to coke XRD pattern and Scherrer’s equation. The results reveal that the addition of anthracite facilitates the growth of microcrystals and the increase of crystal parameters La, Lc and graphite degree, g. The pore structure of coke was measured by nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the micro pore volume, specific surface area and average pore diameter were markedly decreased by adding anthracite to coal blend. The fractal dimensions of coke were calculated according to FHH model. It was shown that there exists fractal structure network in coke, and moreover, fractal dimensions of coke is decreased and coke surface becomes smooth due to anthracite addition.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 16-0 [
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19
WANG Wei;CHEN Weilin;YE Yong;XU Zhihui;JIA Bin
Application of Neural Network to Predict Sulphur Content in Hot Metal
A model for predicting the sulphur content in hot metal based on neural networks is introduced. Blast temperature, blast flux, top temperature, burden, coal injection rate, sulphur content in ore, sulphur content in coke, sulphur content in coal and silicon content of last tap were selected as inputs. The inputs were treated with time lag to improve prediction. Some methods were adopted to resolve the problem of local convergence and long learning time of BP neural network. The predicted results indicated that the hitting rate was 70.7% when the absolute error was less than 0.001, and the hitting rate was 90% when the absolute error was less than 0.005. Thus the validity of the model was proved.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 19-0 [
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炼钢
23
PAN Yifang;LING Zunfeng;WANG Baoming;LI Shuqing;WANG Zhenfeng
Development and Application of LF Refining PreMelted Slag Without CaF
2
In order to avoid the fluorine pollution, the LF refining premelted CaOAl2O3MgOSiO2 slag without CaF2 was developed based on the molten slag theory. The industrial practice showed that the slag was suitable for the BOFLFCC route to produce oilwell pipe steel such as 37Mn5 and 34Mn5, etc, according to the standard of API.5CT of USA, and the operation period of LF refining was decreased from 42 min to 35 min, establishing the foundation of high efficiency production and short production cycle. Meanwhile the slag, compared with the slag with CaF2, has good properties for desulphurization, deoxidation, and arc submerging, quick slag forming at the beginning of refining and foaming, as well as the advantages of lower lining erosion and no pollution of fluorine.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 23-0 [
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26
CHEN Yantang;LIU Zhimin;ZHANG Zhengquan
Impurity Control of Zr Alloyed Low Cabon HSLA Steel
The high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels made with conventional processes have a high level of impurity and unstable mechanical properties. Some procedures were adjusted and improved forming a special technology for production of the relatively pure HSLA steel. The Zr alloyed HSLA steel made with the new technology exhibits low impurity. The content, size, shape and distribution of inclusions in such HSLA steel are remarkably modified by Zr addition. The inclusions are fine, spheric or near spheric in shape and disperse. Electron Probe and Energy Spectrum study reveal that the inclusions in such Zr alloyed HSLA steel are complex containing Ti2O3, Al2O3, ZrO2 located in the center and MnS lying on the surface. The specifics of inclusions are modified by Zr treatment and new technology. Thus the properties of Zr HSLA plate are improved greatly.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 26-0 [
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29
ZHOU Qi;WANG Mei;YAN Huicheng;HAN Qibiao;WANG Lixin
Experimental Research of Casting SUS430 Using Cooling Nozzle With Homogenous Core
Casting SUS430 stainless steel with cooling nozzle that has proper homogeneous core size was simulated to investigate the optimum design of cooling nozzle. The results show that the cooling nozzle 190 mm in length and 20 mm in diameter is suitable when flowing air is used as cooling media. Preheating and a certain level of liquid in mould is necessary for casting. The superheat was reduced by 26 ℃ and equiaxed crystal ratio of 80% was obtained for 100 kg test.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 29-0 [
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32
ZHU Zhiyuan;NING Linxin;WANG Guolian
Hydrogen Content Control and Improvement of Central Carbon Segregation of Slab
The change of hydrogen content during steelmaking process was investigated firstly. It was found that hydrogen content in liquid steel is rapidly increased in LF process. In the slab, the negative carbon segregation region and positive segregation in the center are observed simultaneously. By using simplified diffusion equation, the element diffusion model was built for 12slab stack cooling process. The surface temperature of each slab was measured at different stack cooling time. Applying the measured temperature to the model, carbon and hydrogen diffusion results were calculated. Using these results, it can be concluded that slab stack cooling can promote the diffusion of hydrogen, but weakly affect central carbon segregation. Increasing the temperature and holding time of reheating, central carbon segregation can be improved a great deal.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 32-0 [
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35
LONG Xuesong;PENG Xianghe
FEM Analysis of Thermal and Deformation Fields in Mould Copper
Using mould copper with two kinds of cooling water slot system as the research object, the steady temperature distribution and thermal deformation field in the mould at different casting speeds were analyzed by the commercial FE software ABAQUS. The calculated results show that the rational design of cooling water slots in mould copper can distinctly reduce the maximum temperature and improve temperature distribution and thermal deformation, which could, in turn, increases the mold life, the production rate and improve the quality of slabs,also provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of cooling water slot system in mould copper.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 35-0 [
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39
LIU Qing;HE Qingwen;LIANG Jianguo;DUAN Chonghu;HAN Yonggang
Effect of Hot Metal Charging Technology on Operation of 50 t EAF
The development and application of hot metal charging on 50 t EAF special steel plant at Laiwu Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. is described. The optimal hot metal charging ratio obtained is 30% for gear steel as representative of low carbon steels and 40% for bearing steel as representative of high carbon steels. By system optimization of hot metal charging technology, the production rhythm between EAF and CCM was realized, and productivity was improved. The tap to tap time was shortened by 510 min, power consumption was reduced by 80110 kW·h/t, temperature loss and overheat of molten steel in tundish was reduced by 1525 ℃. Moreover, the content of tramp elements in EAF bath was effectively diluted, heat number of sequence casting was increased to 162, and operation of EAF and CCM was balanced.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 39-0 [
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压力加工
42
ZHAO Dewen;BAI Xuefeng;WANG Xiaowen;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Calculation of Temperature Rise in Wire Finish Rolling Mills by Heat Line Theory
A new method to calculate temperature rise in high speed wire rolling is proposed according to heat line theory. For high rolling speed and poor cooling conditions in wire finish rolling，the rolling process can be considered as adiabatic and the external work done during the process is nearly all transformed into heat, that means all the heat making wire temperature rise come from the shear power along tangential velocity discontinuity lines in deformation zone， which called thermal distribution lines or ‘heat lines’. The temperature rise for a pass is the sum of temperature rises of those heat lines in the deformation zone of the pass. From the theory and assumption that for a single pass the elliptic long or minor axis is not deformed, a formula of temperature rise of the wire during finish rolling was derived out. The calculated and measured temperature rises for 6.5 mm wire are compared. The results show that the calculated temperature rise is slightly less than the measured one and the lower temperature of wire at entry, the higher the accumulative temperature rise is.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 42-0 [
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46
YIN Xiandong;KANG Yonglin;JIANG Qiwu;LIU Rendong;SUN Daqing
Study on High Strength Deep Drawing Cold Rolled Steel Sheets 170P1
Histrength IF steel(170P1) produced by two hot rolling processes(normal and hot rolling in ferrite area) was studied. The results indicate that rvalue of Histrength IF steel hot rolled in ferrites area is up to 2.1. The qualification rate of the wings fabricated from the sheets produced in this way reaches 100%.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 46-0 [
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50
ZHANG Liwen;LI Mao;LIAO Shulun;ZHEN Yu;GUO Shuqi
FE Simulation of Rough Rolling of GCr15 Steel Rod and Wire by Implicit Static Method and Implicit Dynamic Method
The implicit static and implicit dynamic methods were used to simulate the rough rolling process of GCr15 rod and wire using the commercial FEM software MSC.Marc. The actual parameters of production line were used in the two FEM models. The speed at exit, temperature distribution and average rolling force simulated by implicit static method was in good agreement with that simulated by implicit dynamic method. The reliability of the two models was testified by comparison between simulated and measured temperature distribution. The implicit dynamic method has higher efficiency than the implicit static method due to less computation time.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 50-0 [
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54
AN Xiaobin;ZANG Yong;WU Diping;WANG Yongtao
Experimental Research on Vibration and Chatter Mark of CSP Mill
In order to find the regularity and mechanism of vibration of CSP mill during rolling thin container strip, torsional vibration of main drive, vertical vibration of stand and suppression measures of three intermediate stands were tested in spot. Then the relationship between strip(roller) chatter marks and technological parameters, and vibration of rolling mill, and necessary conditions for chatter mark generation were researched. It was found that the frequency of F2 roller chatter mark is 14 Hz, and which is caused by torsinal vibration of main drive system excited by transfer case mesh impact. The frequency of F3 roller chatter mark is 54 Hz, which is caused by horizontal vibration of roller system excited by spindle curved tooth mesh impact. The frequency of F4 roller chatter mark is 78 Hz, which is caused by stand horizontal resonance vibration. For F4, to avoid chatter mark growing, it is necessary to select work roll diameter cautiously at preset rolling speed. The contrast test indicated that the vibration can be eliminated by stopping oil water emulsion supply and adopting highspeed steel work roller.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 54-0 [
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论文
59
JIANG Haitao;KANG Yonglin;HUANG Yixin;QIAO Mingliang;YIN Yuqun
Research and Development of X65 Pipeline Steel Plate Produced by Steckel Mill
The production technology and mechanical properties of X65 pipeline steel plate produced by 3500 steckel mill at Nanjing Iron & Steel United Co. are introduced. The results show that using TMCP technology, the X65 pipeline steel plate produced can obtain an acicular ferrite microstructure and strength and toughness equal to that of X70 steel. In X65 steel the content of Nb, Ti and Mo should be reasonable, C content must be less than 0.07%, P and S less than 0.013% and 0.002% respectively. In addition, X65 steel has good weldability.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 59-0 [
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64
ZHANG Aiwen;ZHENG Lei
Effect of Chemical Composition and Cooling Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiphase Steel and Martensite Steel
The effect of chemical composition and cooling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens taken from the controlled rolled and cooled strips of vacuum melted multiphase and martensite steels were researched. The results show that the microstructure changes from ferrite plus pearlite to bainite and martensite, the strength increases and the elongation decreases with the decreasing of coiling temperature. The strength of sheet coiled at low temperature is mainly decided by the content of carbon, while both strength and elongation are improved with the increase of silicon content. The effect of twostep cooling process on microstructure and mechanical properties is complex. The advanced high strength automobile steel of same chemical composition can be manufactured by different controlled cooling processes for different strength classes.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 64-0 [
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69
YANG Zheng;CHEN Hongda;ZHAO Xinwei;GUO Wanlin;LUO Jinheng
Delamination Cracks and Fracture Evaluation in DWTT of X70 Pipeline Steel
The delamination crack and its effect on the fracture of pipeline steel were investigated by dropweight tear test （DWTT）at different temperature and micrograph analysis. It was indicated that the delamination cracking is caused by the effect of 3D stress on the weak interfaces during deformation and appears before beginning or acceleration of main crack. New delamination crack can not appear during stabile propagation or deceleration of crack. The quantity, opening degree of delamination cracks and the distance between two delamination cracks are influenced by the stress state at beginning or accelerating point of main crack , but the length of delamination crack is influenced by the stress state of crack tip during the propagation of crack. The surface of delamination crack is of cleavage fracture appearance with large cleavage face. There is no delamination crack in the brittle fracture below ductile and brittle transition temperature or in the brittle fracture region of mixedmode fracture at about ductile and brittle transition temperature. Macro delamination cracks appear only on the ductile fracture or on the ductile part of fracture. The part of fracture with triangular or other shapes delamination cracks ought to be evaluated as ductile fracture.
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74
JIAN Long;CHEN Weiqing;MENG Jinxia;HUI Rong;LI Guozhong
Sulfide Shape Control in Non Quenched and Tempered Steel Containing Sulphur
Refining and forging experiments of non quenched and tempered steel containing sulphur were carried out in laboratory. The results showed that size of sulfide is decreased and amount of sulfide is increased with the rise of solidification rate of steel. The sulfide is broken to smaller pieces during forging with high compression ratio. The sulfide has best ductility at 950 ℃ and better ductility at 1250 ℃. However, the ductility of sulfide is worse in the range from 1050 ℃ to 1150 ℃.The amount of sulfide decreases and the size increases with prolongation of holding time.
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环保与能源
78
ZHANG Jianliang;YAN Yongfang;XU Meng;ZHAO Xiaohong;ZHANG Xidong
Research on Removal of Zn From Blast Furnace Dust
The feasibility of roasting reduction method to dezinc the Zn bearing BF dust was proved by energy spectrum analysis and differential thermal(DT) and thermo gravimetric(TG) analysis firstly. Then optimal parameters of roasting reduction method with a dezincing rate up to 99.76% were determined by orthogonal method. The roasting temperature is 1200 ℃, the roasting time of 35 min and the coal content is 10%.
2006 Vol. 41 (10): 78-0 [
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装备与控制
82
H.Pfeiler;N.Kck;J.Schrder;L.Maestrutti
New Modern Rail Mill of Voestalpine Schienen GmbH at Leoben /Donawitz
The new modern rail mill of Voestalpine Schienen GmbH at Leoben/Donawitz is introduced with technical characteristics. Using universal rolling technology with stands of SCC conception, the mill is able to form rails symmetrically at low miner stress and produce rails with high accuracy and excellent surface quality at extended roller service life.
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