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2023年 30卷 4期
刊出日期：2023-04-25
611
Yang-huan Zhang, Chen Li, Wei Zhang, Xin Wei, Jun Li, Yan Qi, Dong-liang Zhao
Research and application of Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys
Hot!
Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys are considered to be one of the most promising hydrogen storage alloys for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications, because of their good hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, low price, good activation performance, possession of high electrochemical capacity, and good cycling performance. The structure, performance characteristics, crystal structure of hydrides, development and application status of Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys were reviewed, and the methods to improve Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys were discussed: optimization of the preparation process, element substitution, and surface treatment. (1) In the study of the alloy preparation process, it was found that the use of the annealing process can significantly improve the high rate discharge performance, and cycling stability performance, increasing the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrode. In addition, using vacuum plasma spraying to prepare the electrode has better cycling stability and kinetic performance. (2) In element substitution, the effects of using Zr elements to partially replace Ti and Mn with Cr, V, Mo, and Fe on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti–Mn-based alloys were investigated. (3) In the study of surface treatment, palladium was plated on the surface of TiMn
1.5
alloy by chemical deposition, and the strong affinity of palladium for hydrogen accelerated the cleavage of hydrogen molecules, which significantly improved the hydrogen absorption kinetics of TiMn
1.5
alloy. Meanwhile, a new binary alloy system was formed by adding TiMn
2
to MgH
2
, and it was shown that the addition of TiMn
2
significantly improved the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the MgH
2
alloy. Finally, the prospect of the application of Ti– Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys is presented, and the insight of further development of the alloy is offered.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 611-625 [
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626
Feng Lu, Hong Zhong, Bo Liu, Jian Xu, Sheng-fu Zhang, Liang-ying Wen
Particle agglomeration behavior in fluidized bed during direct reduction of iron oxide by CO/H
2
mixtures
The agglomeration behavior of particles significantly impacts on the defluidization occurring in a fluidized bed during the direct reduction process. The influence of CO/H
2
ratio on surface diffusion of iron atoms was proposed, and the solid bridge force between iron oxide particles was quantificationally analyzed. Moreover, the solid bridge force was successfully added into a CFD–DEM (computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method) model combined with heat transfer and mass transport to investigate the detailed information of agglomeration in a fluidized bed, including the spatial distribution of temperature, velocity and metallization of iron oxide particles. The region of defluidization is sensitive to the reduction temperature. At the same reduction temperature, the iron oxide powder will perform higher metallization and stable fluidization properties with molar fraction of H
2
in the range of 0.6–0.8, when iron oxide is reduced by CO/H
2
mixture.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 626-634 [
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635
Sheng-hu Lu, Jian Pan, Si-wei Li, De-qing Zhu, Zheng-qi Guo, Yue Shi, Ben-jing Shi
Preparation of sinter with low reduction degradation index for COREX reduction in a high proportion
The sinter with low reduction degradation index (RDI) for COREX reduction was prepared by separated granulation sintering process. The results illustrate that the productivity and tumble index are attained to be 1.64 t m
-2
h
-1
and 59.25%, respectively, in pot tests under the optimal conditions. Under the reducing condition simulating COREX shaft furnace, RDI
+6.3 mm
, RDI
+3.15 mm
, and reducibility index of the sinter reach 63.05%, 81.52%, and 83.65%, respectively. Compared with traditional sintering process, the productivity rose by 14.69%, and RDI
+6.3 mm
and RDI
+3.15 mm
were increased by 157.54% and 32.70%, respectively. In addition, as the proportion of sinter reached 60%, RDI
+6.3 mm
and RDI
+3.15 mm
of comprehensive burden were achieved to be 73.39% and 84.28%, respectively, which could completely meet the requirement of COREX shaft furnace for RDI. The mechanism was demonstrated that the more silicoferrites of calcium and aluminum and silicate phase occurred as well as magnetite, and the amount of Fe
2
O
3
decreased substantially in the sinter by separated granulation sintering process. Hence, the low-temperature reducing stress is restrained, with the increase in sinter strength.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 635-649 [
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650
Da-peng Zhong, Gui-shang Pei, Jia-long Kang, Jun-yi Xiang, Cheng Pan, Wu-an Gu, Xue-wei Lv, Lan-jie Li
Synthesis of vanadium powder by magnesiothermic reduction of V
2
O
3
in a reactive molten salt
As an important strategic metal, vanadium is generally used to prepare special steels, titanium alloys, and hydrogen storage materials. A new method of producing vanadium (metal) powder from V
2
O
3
using block Mg is presented herein. Using an auxiliary molten salt, V
2
O
3
was successfully transformed into V by Mg reduction. The by-product, MgO, was transformed into MgCl
2
by adding ZrCl
4
, which prevented the generation of MgV
2
O
4
and allowed the reaction to proceed smoothly. The rod-like alloy phases, Zr
0.03
V
1.97
, which formed in the presence of excess Mg, may hinder the diffusion of oxygen from the product. The recovery rate of vanadium after separation and purification was approximately 45%–50%, where the main loss occurred during ball milling. Under the optimal conditions (Mg content of 48.3%, reduction time of 1.5 h, and temperature of 850 °C), the purity of vanadium exceeded 99 wt.%, and the O content decreased to 0.34 wt.%.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 650-659 [
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145
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660
Zi-tian Zhang, Jing-jing Wang, Wei Liu, Xiao-gang Lu
Simulation of BCC dissolution in Fe–Cr–Ni system by ICME
Integrated simulation on dissolution of the body-centered-cubic (bcc, α) phase in the face-centered cubic (fcc, γ) matrix in the ternary Fe–Cr–Ni system is a first step toward the study of phase transformations in steels in the framework of integrated computational materials engineering. The accuracy of the simulation highly depends on the qualities of the thermodynamic data and atomic mobility. Firstly, the Fe–Cr–Ni system and its binary sub-systems were thermodynamically assessed by using the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams approach coupled with first-principles calculations, based on various types of thermodynamic data and phase diagrams from the literature. With the thermodynamics incorporated, the atomic mobilities and diffusivities of the fcc and bcc phases in the Fe–Cr–Ni system were then assessed. The calculated diffusion coefficients show a satisfactory agreement with the experimental data in a wide range of composition and temperature. Equipped with these requisite data, the diffusion-controlled bcc dissolution was finally simulated which well agrees with the experiments for different experimental conditions.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 660-676 [
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83
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156
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677
Ya-cen Deng, Hao Liu, Min Zhang, Xu-bin Zhang, Qiang-qiang Wang, Sheng-ping He
Wettability between titanium-containing steels and TiN ceramic substrate
The wettability between TiN ceramic substrates and steels with various Ti contents was studied under an argon atmosphere at 1550 °C using a modified sessile drop method. An electron probe microanalyzer and thermodynamic calculations were applied to investigate the interface between the steels and the TiN substrates as well as the surface of solidified steel droplets. The measured apparent contact angles between the TiN substrates and steels were 96°, 91°, and 146°, as the Ti content in the steel samples was 0.01, 0.31, and 0.68 wt.%, respectively. No reaction products were found at the interface, and only physical interactions occurred. The wettability between high titanium steels (0.68 wt.% Ti) and TiN ceramic substrates should be evaluated from various perspectives, as many TiN particles existing in steel made the apparent contact angle increased significantly, deviating from the true value of contact angle.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 677-686 [
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42
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163
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687
Hui Kong, Chuan-ming Du
Separation of phosphorus from dephosphorization slag modified by alkaline oxide by HCl leaching
Dephosphorization slag is one of the bulk solid wastes generated from steelmaking. If P is effectively removed from dephosphorization slag, a phosphate source which can substitute for phosphate rocks is obtained; meanwhile, the tailings can be reutilized as a feedstock in steel plant. To realize the integrated utilization of dephosphorization slag, selective leaching was applied for removing the P-bearing mineral phase from dephosphorization slag. Alkaline oxide was added as the slag modifier and HCl was selected as the acid lixiviant. The P selective leaching from dephosphorization slags modified by Na
2
O or K
2
O was studied at different pH values. By modification, the mass fraction of P in the 2CaO∙SiO
2
–3CaO∙P
2
O
5
phase increased, indicating that it was in favor of P
2
O
5
enrichment. As the Na
2
O or K
2
O content increased, the P leaching ratio from slag increased at pH 4, reaching about 80%, and that of Fe was nearly zero. Na
2
O and K
2
O modification played a similar role in enhancing the P leaching. The effect of alkaline oxide modification became weak at pH 3, and the slag without modification also realized a good P selective leaching in the HCl solution. To facilitate the P removal, the leaching of Fe from dephosphorization slag needs to be restrained.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 687-696 [
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52
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146
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697
Sai He, Lu Lin, Ya-qin Liu, Zhong-xiao Hou, Yan Lv, Wei Wu
Influence of temperature and Fe
2
O
3
on phosphorus recovery from dephosphorization slag by reduction
The reduction and recovery of P
2
O
5
in dephosphorization slag were examined to establish a new recycling process for dephosphorization slag. The dephosphorization slag is obtained from the dephosphorization furnace in the duplex converter process, and the content of P
2
O
5
in the dephosphorization slag can reach 9 wt.%. The dephosphorization slag is considered to be a prospective resource of phosphorus due to its high content of P
2
O
5
. To explore the effects of temperature and Fe
2
O
3
content in slag on phosphorus recovery from dephosphorization slag, the experimental slag was reduced by carbon powder in a resistance furnace. The results show that the temperature and content of Fe
2
O
3
in slag have a significant effect on the reduction in P
2
O
5
, and the reduction and recovery ratios of P
2
O
5
in slags increase with the increase in the experimental temperature and content of Fe
2
O
3
, reaching 94.41% and 83.09%, respectively. It has been indicated that phosphorus recovery from dephosphorization slag using carbothermic reduction has significant environmental and economic benefits.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 697-707 [
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64
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152
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708
Wei-cheng Zheng, Wei-cheng Xu, Hao Zhang, Hao-xuan Zheng, Lin Wang, Zheng-ming Cheng, Yan-fei Ye, Jun Lin, Hong-ming Long
Preparation and properties of silane coupling agent modified steel slag as functional filler for anti-corrosion coating
The chemical composition and high wear resistance of steel slag (SS) make it a potential alternative to traditional inorganic fillers. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) modified steel slag (MSS) was successfully prepared, and its application in epoxy (EP) anti-corrosion coating was introduced. Due to the grafting of silane coupling agent functional groups onto the surface of SS, MSS exhibited improved solubility in xylene organic solvent and reduced agglomeration. When the MSS content was 15 wt.%, the contact angle of the MSS/EP composite coating was 101°, and the abrasion was only 0.07 g, compared with 56.2° and 0.13 g, respectively, for the pure EP coating. The corrosion resistance of coatings was investigated by performing the electrochemical test (impedance) after immersion in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The electrochemical test results showed that the impedance modulus of the 15 wt.% MSS/EP composite coating at low frequency (
Z
f
= 0.01 Hz) was approximately 1.08 × 10
7
Ω cm
2
, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure EP coating.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 708-716 [
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67
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149
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717
Ding-li Zheng, Guo-jun Ma, Xiang Zhang, Meng-ke Liu, Ju Xu
Effect of CaO/Al
2
O
3
on structure, viscosity, and surface tension of electroslag remelting-type CeO
2
-bearing slag
The structure of electroslag remelting-type CaF
2
–CaO–Al
2
O
3
–CeO
2
slag with various CaO/Al
2
O
3
mass ratios and its correlation with viscosity and surface tension were investigated. The Raman analysis of the slag shows that with increasing CaO/Al
2
O
3
mass ratio from 0.70 to 1.29 in the slag, the polymerization degree of the slag decreased, which was because more complex [AlO
4
]-tetrahedral units of Q
3
Al
and Q
4
Al
were depolymerized to form relatively simpler structural units Q
0
Al
, Q
1
Al
, and Q
2
Al
, and the excess oxygen ions introduced by CaO promoted the transformation of [AlO
4
]-tetrahedral units to [AlO
6
]-octahedral units. Increasing CaO/Al
2
O
3
mass ratio has an obvious effect on reducing the viscosity and activation energy for viscous flow of the slag, resulting from the depolymerization of the slag. Owing to the decrease in the polymerization degree and the increase in the total Ca
2+
content of the slag, the surface tension of the slag increases with the increase in CaO/Al
2
O
3
mass ratio. The surface tension of the slag changes slightly with the temperature, irrespective of CaO/Al
2
O
3
mass ratio from 0.70 to 1.29 in the slag.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 717-725 [
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63
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726
Kui-song Zhu, Li Cao, Ying-tao Zhao, Jun Wang, Xiang-kui Cheng
Mechanism of primary Si and Fe-segregation for a hypereutectic 90 wt.% Si–Ti alloy melt in directional solidification via electromagnetism
The electromagnetic directional solidification (DS) phase separation experiments of high silicon 90 wt.% Si–Ti alloy were performed under various pulling-down speeds. The results showed that Si enriched layer, Si + TiSi
2
-rich layer and Si–Ti–Fe alloy layer appeared successively in axial direction of ingot after electromagnetic DS of 90 wt.% Si–Ti alloy melt at different pulling-down speeds. Separation of primary Si and segregation mechanism of metal impurities (Fe) during the electromagnetic DS process were controlled by pulling-down speed of ingot and electromagnetic stirring. When pulling-down speed was 5 μm/s, minimum thickness of the Si enriched layer was 29.4 mm, and the highest content of primary Si in this layer was 92.46 wt.%; meanwhile, the highest removal rate of Fe as metal impurity was 92.90%. The type of inclusions in the Si enriched layer is determined by Fe content of segregated Si enriched layer. When the pulling-down speed was 5 μm/s, the inclusions in the Si enriched layer were TiSi
2
. Finally, when the pulling-down speed reached greater than 5 μm/s, the inclusions in the Si enriched layer evolved into TiSi
2
+ τ
5
.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 726-735 [
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43
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180
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736
Dong-ping He, Hui-dong Xu, Ming Wang, Tao Wang, Chao-ran Ren, Zhi-hua Wang
Application of dynamic vibration absorber for vertical vibration control of corrugated rolling mill
A variable mass tuned particle absorber is designed for the nonlinear vertical vibration control of the corrugated rolling mill in the composite plate rolling process. Considering the nonlinear damping and nonlinear stiffness between the corrugated interface, a three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vertical vibration mathematical model of corrugated rolling mill based on dynamic vibration absorber control is established. The multi-scale method is used to solve the amplitude–frequency characteristic curve equation of the installed dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) system. The effects of stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient on the amplitude–frequency characteristic curve are analyzed. The expressions of the dynamic developed factor of the corrugated roll are derived, and the influence laws of mass ratio, frequency ratio and damping ratio on the dynamic amplification factor are analyzed. The optimal parameters of the DVA are obtained by adaptive genetic algorithm. The control effect of the DVA on the nonlinear vertical vibration is studied by numerical simulation. The feasibility of the designed dynamic absorber is verified through experiments. The results show that the designed dynamic absorber can effectively suppress the vertical vibration of the corrugated roller.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 736-748 [
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161
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749
Lun Fu, Yu-fei Zhu, Bin Yang, Chao Yu, Hong Xiao
Effect of annealing on properties of Al/steel composite plates prepared by surface oxidation treatment before cold roll bonding
Al/steel composite plate has a wide application prospect, but great differences in properties between Al and steel are observed. It is difficult to obtain high bonding strength by the traditional cold roll bonding process. Al/steel composite plate was thus prepared by cold roll bonding at a reduction rate of 60% after oxidation treatment on the surface to be composited on the steel side. The heat treatment of holding at 400 °C for 1 h and cooling with the furnace was then adopted. The bonding strength, microstructure, and properties of the Al/steel composite plate before and after annealing were analysed and compared through shear test, bending test, tensile test, and micro-characterization. Results show that the shear strengths of the interface before and after annealing are 100 and 80 MPa, respectively. Although the shear strength of the annealed Al/steel composite plate decreases, the bending and overall tensile properties of the composite plate are improved, showing better mechanical properties.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 749-759 [
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67
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143
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760
Qing-juan Wang, Qin-ren Wang, Zhong-ze Du, Ze-en He, Xue Dang, Ze-jiang Qi, Cong-cong Yang
Deformation and phase transformation mechanisms of 40Cr10Si2Mo steel during hot compression
Thermo-mechanical experiments on martensitic heat-resistant 40Cr10Si2Mo steel were conducted using a Gleeble simulator in temperature and strain rate ranges of 1073–1373 K and 0.1–20 s
-1
, respectively. Processing maps were developed and correlated with deformed microstructures based on the dynamic material model theory. The analysis of the maps revealed that both applied temperature and strain rate had significant effects on the power dissipation efficiency and flow instability of the steel alloy. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis was also implemented to study the effect of deformation conditions on martensitic morphology. The results showed that higher temperatures and strain rates led to a fine martensitic packet, and the martensite lath increased in width at high temperatures. Two deformation domains, which exhibit different recrystallization processes, were recognized. The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism in the low strain rate domain was characterized by the migration and growth of high-angle grains during straining. In contrast, in the high strain rate domain, the development of new grain boundaries is primarily associated with the deformation microbands in the low-temperature deformation domain. As the temperature increased, the high dislocation density accelerated the migration of the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the DRX mechanism changed from continuous DRX to post-DRX. This change in the DRX mechanism type was attributed to the time during which the sample remained high temperature after deformation.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 760-771 [
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39
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137
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772
Jie Zhang, Zheng-fei Hu, Zhen Zhang
EBSD parameter assessment and constitutive models of crept HR3C austenitic steel
Creep damage and evolution of HR3C steel at 650 °C were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and EBSD-based parameter assessments were conducted. EBSD analyses show that the grain size is almost unchanged and no obvious texture formed after creep at different creep rates. The lowest proportion of low R coincidence site lattice grain boundaries under 150 MPa implies that the primary twin structures are preserved under the low stress level, while some twin structures evolved into general grain boundaries at the high creep level. Two main damage features of microcracks and cavities can be seen along the grain boundaries: the former emerged at higher stress levels, while the latter appeared at the lower stress level, and both were shown under medium stress. Band contrast shows that the most severe creep damage is present at 170 MPa. It implies that the creep mechanism differs distinctly under different stress levels, and the transition point is around 170 MPa. Kernel average misorientation is better to describe the local plastic deformation related to the strain distribution while grain reference orientation deviation describes the inhomogeneous strain distribution. Creep lifetime prediction models including the isothermal method, Larson-Miller parameter method and Monkman–Grant relation were evaluated by the experimental data and literature data, and they are valid for predicting creep behavior.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 772-781 [
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54
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143
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795
Cheng-song Liu, Wei Liu, Hua Zhang, Hong-wei Ni
Transformation of nanoscale inclusions in 316L stainless steel processed by laser beam powder bed fusion during isothermal heating
Transformation mechanisms and reaction kinetics for formation of nanoscale inclusions in as-built 316L stainless steel produced by laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) during subsequent isothermal heating process were investigated and clarified experimentally and theoretically. The resulting changes in morphologies, size distributions, number densities, and chemical compositions of the inclusions were measured and discussed, along with microstructure and texture of the steel. The results showed that with increasing isothermal heating time and temperature, the columnar grains in the as-built LB-PBF 316L stainless steel transformed into equiaxed grains, which grew gradually and exhibited a large number of twins in the FCC structure. During isothermal heating, the reaction of Si in the steel with MnO–Cr
2
O
3
in the nanoscale inclusion resulted in a transformation from the homogeneous oxide MnO–SiO
2
–Cr
2
O
3
to an inclusion with an obvious core–shell structure, and the core part was eventually rich in Si and the shell part was predominantly rich in Mn and Si, depending on the heating temperature and time. An Ostwald ripening model used for predicting the growth of nanoscale inclusions during isothermal heating verified that the observed effects of isothermal heating time and temperature were predicted for Si diffusion control.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 795-807 [
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53
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129
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808
Yang Li, Chang-yong Chen, Qi Wang, Hao Yang, Shuai Ma, Meng Sun, Zhou-hua Jiang
Effect of magnesium on microstructure and properties of 440C stainless bearing steel melted under pressurized conditions
The effects of magnesium (Mg) on the microstructure and properties of 440C stainless bearing steel melted under pressurized conditions were studied. Adding Mg improved the cleanliness of molten steel, modified the inclusions in steel, enhanced the distribution of carbides, and improved the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of experimental steel. In detail, the contents of TO, S, and N in steel decreased from 0.0013 to 0.0003 wt.%, from 0.0032 to 0.0018 wt.% and from 0.0088 to 0.0049 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the transformation order of oxide inclusions in steel is Al
2
O
3
→ MgO∙Al
2
O
3
→ MgO, where the content of Mg in steel sharply increased from 0.00 to 29 × 10
-4
, 81 × 10
-4
, and 160 × 10
-4
wt.%, and the transformation order of S-containing inclusions in steel is MnS → Mg–S–Mn(–MgO) → Mg–O–S. Moreover, the number and size of inclusions and the proportion of large-size inclusions in steel decreased rapidly. Furthermore, the network structure of carbides in steel collapsed, the size of carbides was reduced, and the distribution was more uniform. Finally, the tensile strength, impact toughness, and pitting corrosion resistance of the experimental steel were significantly improved.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 808-824 [
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52
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151
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825
Xin-chao Wang, Yan Wang, Xiao-jie Lian, Mei Xu, Li-feng Hou, Ying-hui Wei
Dynamic recrystallization mechanism of as-cast nickel base superalloy N10276 during primary hot working
The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism of as-cast nickel base superalloy N10276 during primary hot working was investigated by compression tests at temperatures of 1000–1200 °C and strain rates between 0.01 and 10 s
-1
. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction technique and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the evolution of microstructure. At higher deformation temperature or lower strain rate, the true stress–true strain curves exhibit the characteristic of a peak stress followed by a steady state flow stress under large strains, confirming the occurrence of DRX. The degree of DRX increases with elevating deformation temperature. With the progress of DRX, low angle grain boundaries gradually decrease, while high angle grain boundaries increase continuously. Microstructure studies have shown that discontinuous dynamic recrystallization is the main recrystallization mechanism. Since there are few original grain boundaries and twin boundaries, and lack of second phase particles for particle stimulated nucleation, geometrically necessary boundaries are formed as supplementary nucleation sites through sub-grain boundary rotation and deformation twin boundaries. The annealing twins dominated by R3 grain boundaries are generated in large quantities during the growth of recrystallized grains.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 825-837 [
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72
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148
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838
Yi-ling Jiang, Sha-sha Liu, Rong-gui Lu, Xu Cheng, Jia Li, Yang Chen, Gao-feng Tian
Cellular automata simulation of grain growth of powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy
Primary γ' phase instead of carbides and borides plays an important role in suppressing grain growth during solution at 1433 K of Ni-based FGH98 superalloys. Results illustrate that as-fabricated FGH98 superalloy has equiaxed grain structure, and after heat treatment, grains remain equiaxed but grow larger. In order to clarify the effects of the size and volume fraction of the primary γ' phase on the grain growth during heat treatment, a 2D cellular automata (CA) model was established based on the thermal activation and the lowest energy principle. The CA results are compared with the experimental results and show a good fit with an error less than 10%. Grain growth kinetics are depicted, and simulations in real time for various sizes and volume fractions of primary γ' particles work out well with the Zener relation. The coefficient
n
value which reflects the pinning ability in Zener relation is theoretically calculated, and its minimum value is 0.23 when the radius of primary γ' phase is 2.8 μm.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 838-848 [
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782
Kai Yang, Yi Luo, Wei Li, Li Wang, Zhong-qu Sun, Jun-liang Liu, Xue-jun Jin
Competitive role of film-like austenite and transition carbides on hydrogen embrittlement resistance and impact toughness in bainite-containing quenched and partitioned steel
A microstructure composed of martensite matrix, lower bainite, and stable film-like austenite was designed by a quenching and isothermal bainitic holding process in a 0.30C–2.69Mn–1.71Si (wt.%) steel. The yield strength, tensile strength, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the high-strength steel thus obtained were 1263 MPa,1521 MPa, and - 33 °C, respectively, and at - 20 °C, it showed superior low-temperature toughness, which reached 77.5 J/cm
2
. Meanwhile, it showed excellent hydrogen embrittlement (HE) resistance, and the total elongation loss is only 3.1% after 15 min of hydrogen charging. The excellent comprehensive performance is attributed to the fact that fine stable austenite with film-like morphology hindered the crack nucleation and propagation, and hindered hydrogen diffusion as a hydrogen trap. However, with a decrease in the isothermal temperature, transition carbide precipitation was accompanied by a further decrease in austenite grain size. For this condition, although transition carbides can act as effective hydrogen traps, excessive precipitation decreased the carbon content of retained austenite and increased the deformation heterogeneity between austenite and martensite matrix, leading to weakened austenite stability and HE resistance, a total elongation loss of approximately 39% (15 min hydrogen charging), a sharp decrease in impact toughness, and an increase in DBTT. The competitive role of film-like austenite and transition carbides on the comprehensive mechanical performance of steel is revealed, especially the suppression of crack nucleation and propagation that will provide a guide for the design of high strength steels with excellent impact toughness and HE resistance.
2023 Vol. 30 (4): 782-794 [
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钢铁研究学报(英文版)
编辑部公告
·
《钢铁研究学报》第二届青年编委招募
·
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