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2022 Vol. 40 No. 6
Published: 2022-12-15
1
SHI Xuexing,JU Xinhua,YAN Chunlian,WEN Juan
Effect of holding time at 850 ℃ on intergranular oxidation layer of 15CrMo steel
The effect of holding time at 850 ℃ on intergranular oxidation layer was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe. The results showed that with the increase of holding time, the oxide scale thickness of the outer layer of 15CrMo steel increased gradually, but the intergranular oxidation depth increased first and then tended to be stable. When the holding time was 30 min, the intergranular oxidation depth was about 13 μm. When the time increased to 120 min, the intergranular oxidation depth was about 17 μm and tended to be stable. The alloying elements including Mn, Cr and Si were enriched obviously in the location of intergranular oxidation. Moreover, the grain boundaries were coarsened and the quantity of oxide points in the grains increased.
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KONG Xiangwei,HOU Meiling,BAI Yun,LIN Zaiyong,ZHANG Xin
Discussion about slow strain rate test mechanical behavior of grade 10.9 high strength fastener steel
In order to understand the change of mechanical properties of high strength fastener steel under different trace hydrogen contents, SCM435 steel, which is often used to produce highstrength fasteners, was used as research object. The slow tensile strainstress curves under different hydrogen charging conditions of cathodes and corrosion were investigated. The slow tensile fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the hydrogen evolution curves of slow tensile samples were measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and the measured hydrogen content was compared. The results showed that the hydrogen content in the steel increased gradually with the decrease of the hydrogen charging potential of the cathode after quenching and tempering SCM435 into grade 10.9. The hydrogen in the steel was dominated by the low temperature hydrogen. Hydrogen significantly reduced the ductility of the steel. Moreover, the fracture characteristics of slow tensile also changed from dimple to intergranular fracture, and the brittle fracture occurred.
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Effect of electrolytic polishing quality on morphology characterization of precipitated phases in high nitrogen stainless steel by atomic force microscopy
The high nitrogen stainless steel 30Cr15Mo1N was investigated to study the effect of electrolytic polishing quality on the morphology characterization of precipitate phases by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The best electrolytic polishing parameters for AFM observation of precipitate phases were obtained. The samples with different surface polishing qualities were prepared by different polishing voltage and polishing time. The morphologies and surface roughness of precipitate phases were observed by AFM. The image pro software was used for quantitative analysis of precipitate phase. The results showed that the surface of prepared high nitrogen stainless steel was poor and uneven with high roughness and even a lot of holes under the following experimental conditions: in 6% perchlorate alcohol solution at room temperature; the polishing time was less than 20 s or more than 50 s; the electrolytic polishing voltage was less than 15 V or more than 30 V. The surface of high nitrogen stainless steel is poor and uneven, the roughness is large, and even there are a lot of holes, which is not conducive to obtaining a good surface quality. The poor polishing quality led to poor contrast of AFM images, which was not suitable for the observation and quantitative analysis. If the high nitrogen stainless steel samples were polished at 2430 V for 20 s, the precipitate phases sample for quantitative characterization by AFM could be obtained.
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18
WANG Xiaowen,LIU Tao，TONG Kai
dentification and detection system for head and tail of seamless steel pipe
Seamless steel pipes are widely used in many industrial sites such as oil pipe, boiler pipe and highpressure transmission pipe, and the production demand is very large. Due to the control restrictions in detection, the spacing between steel pipes is usually 36 m. In order to improve the productivity and reduce the blind area at pipe ends, the automatic flaw detection process needs to adopt the continuous feeding mode, that is, the steel pipes are continuously transmitted one by one. Because of the small gap, it is difficult for the traditional sensor to distinguish the end signal of the steel pipe and send it to the ultrasonic flaw detector, resulting in the detection results cannot match the corresponding steel pipe well, which also has a corresponding impact on the automatic sorting and blanking. In order to improve this phenomenon, a steel pipe head and tail detection device was designed. When the steel pipe ran to the entrance of the detection host, that was, when the head and tail of two steel pipes collided with each other, the detection device would send an arrival signal of new steel pipe within 0.1 s. It notified the PLC control system to make corresponding signal processing, and sent it to the automatic flaw detection system to start flaw detection.
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23
PAN Jin, ZHAO Nan, LIU Tianwu, SUN Li, DING Wenhong, LUO Yang
Function fitting of residual stress measured value by Xray diffraction for wear resistance steel
Combining with the elastic mechanic theory and the basic principle of detection method for residual stress by Xray diffraction (XRD), it was proved that the XRD measurement results of residual stress at various angles followed the distribution form of cosine function. The residual stress of wear resistance steel products under online quenching was detected by XRD with multiangle surfaces. The different calculation results of residual stress were obtained using different peak searching methods. The accuracy of different measured values was verified by cosine function fitting, and it was found that the residual stress modified by maximum method had the best fitting effect. The complete plane residual stress state at this point could be obtained according to the fitting results.
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30
YU Hui,CAO Jianhu,GAO Weiwei,REN Xintao
Determination of calcium fluoride content in fluorite spheres by instrumental analysis
The content of calcium fluoride in fluorite sphere was determined by instrumental method to shorten the detection time and to improve the work efficiency. The standard samples of fluorite and limestone were used in the experiments. The total content of calcium and magnesium oxide was determined by Xray fluorescence spectrometry with fusion sample preparation. The content of total carbon was measured using carbonsulfur analyzer. The content of carbon in calcium carbonate could be obtained by subtracting the content of carbon in magnesium carbonate from the total carbon. Then the content of calcium fluoride could be converted. The accuracy of the method was good, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.35%. The proposed method had high accuracy. The measured values were basically consistent with those obtained by the chemical method, which could meet the needs of production.
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33
SHEN Yanjun
Analysis and improvement of impact energy of high strength steel
The average impact energy of 500 MPa grade highstrength steel is 18 J at -20 ℃. For the highstrength steel with unqualified impact energy, the microstructure of the steel plate was inspected by metallographic microscope. It was found that the size of ferrite was nonuniform, the microstructure of surface and core was different. Moreover, there were few pearlites in the core. The analysis showed that the reason to cause nonuniform size of ferrite was the partial recrystallization after the third stand of finish rolling, resulting in the nonuniform size of austenite, which was then inherited to the ferrite. Few pearlites in the core were due to the pearlite transformation from austenite under high coiling temperature and slow cooling speed. By increasing the finishing speed and reducing the coiling temperature, the problem of unqualified impact energy of 500 MPa highstrength steel was solved.
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36
REN Qianguang,ZHANG Zheng,YANG Jiadian,YANG Lianghui,WANG Huadong,WU Yongan
Defect analysis of 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 alloy ring forgings
Excessive defects were found in the inner part of 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 alloy ring forgings during ultrasonic flaw detection. The defects would affect the properties of the forgings. They were easily exposed to the surface of the finished product in finishing process, which was very harmful. In order to analyze the reasons, the defects in 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 alloy ring forgings were detected by means of macroscopic examination, metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The morphology and characteristics of the defects were confirmed. It was found that tested defects belonged to the typical AlSiO compound inclusions.
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41
ZHANG Xueling,LI Maolin
nalysis of unqualified causes of generator yoke Q345C heavy and wide plate
The phenomenon of unqualified ultrasonic flaw detection results of generator yoke Q345C heavy and wide plate was studied. The tensile testing machine, impact testing machine, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer were employed for the comprehensive analysis including the tensile properties, impact performance, macroscopic morphology, inclusion, microstructure, macrographic morphology and spectral analysis. The causes for the unqualified ultrasonic flaw detection results of generator yoke Q345C heavy and wide plate were analyzed. The experimental results showed that it was due to a black defect zone at 23 mm from the lower surface of steel plate. The detected plane domain of defects was Ushaped. The defect width exceeded 70 mm. The main defects were oxide inclusions, holes and center porosity. In order to improve the qualification rate of ultrasonic inspection of generator yoke Q345C heavy and wide plate, all aspects of steelmaking should be strictly controlled to strengthen the steel refining, improve the purity of molten steel, reduce the oxygen content in molten steel, and control the content and morphology of inclusions in steel to improve the internal quality of billets.
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46
CAO Lei, GUO Feng, JI Wenjie
Analysis and improvement of drawing fracture of ER70S-6 welding wire steel
ER70S-6 welding wire rod broke during the fine drawing process. The microstructure of the wire rod was observed. The results showed that the drawing fracture of wire rod was caused by the abnormal microstructure, which could not deform synergistically with the pearlite + ferrite microstructure in the drawing process. Therefore, the cracks propagated and the fracture was caused. By controlling the segregation of components in the continuous casting process and optimizing the controlled rolling and controlled cooling process in the rolling process, the abnormal microstructure had been effectively decreased.
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51
LIU Xiaolei，SHI Feiyang，CHEN Changhua，MIN Ming，HU Jiahao
Inspection and analysis of cracks on 35 MN hydraulic press cylinder
During the normal operation of 35 MN hydraulic press, a large amount of oil leakage occurred at the lower part of the main cylinder. After disassembly, the causes of circumferential cracks in the cylinder block were analyzed by means of macroscopic examination, magnetic particle testing, macroscopic examination, mechanical property inspection and metallographic inspection. The results showed that the crack originated from the R angle of the outer circle of the cylinder and then extended from the outer wall to the inner wall. The surface machining knife mark and mechanical properties at the excessive arc of the cylinder were much lower than the technical requirements, which caused circumferential cracks and oil leakage.
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张小刚，俞东宝，汤慧，申俊华，葛腾
Study on activation properties of depleted uranium materials by high energy X ray
In order to ensure the sufficient penetration ability, the highenergy Xrays generated by the accelerator device are often used to accurately measure the internal defects of depleted uranium materials. High energy photons produce neutrons when they collide with the matter with high atomic number. Neutrons have highly destructive radiobiological effects. The shielding mode of neutron ray is also significantly different from that of Xray. Considering the safety of radiographic testing, it is necessary to study the properties of neutrons produced in activation of depleted uranium materials by highenergy Xrays. Through theoretical analysis and mathematical model establishment, the lower energy limit of neutrons generated in the interaction between Xrays with different energy and depleted uranium alloy was investigated. The study could provide safety guidance for the selection of upper energy limit of ray source in product internal defect detection.
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