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2008 Vol. 43 No. 6
Published: 2008-06-15
综合论述
1
KANG Yonglin
Lightweight Vehicle, Advanced High Strength Steel and EnergySaving and Emission Reduction
The development trend and situation of automobiles in recent years in China and the world，the requirements of modern automobile development to used materials and energysaving and emission reduction in automobile lightweight，the challenge to development and application of advanced high strength steels were introduced. It was pointed out that the development and application of advanced highstrength steels for automobile lightweight not only brings about significant emission reduction and energysaving, but also has advantages of improved safety as well as recycling and reutilization. To develop a complete set of technology for production, application and services of advanced high strength steels through the study of the forming control technology has been the key subject needed to be focused in the future.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 1-0 [
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原料与炼铁
8
LIU Zengxun;L Qing
Heat Transfer Analysis on Heat Load Limit of Cast Iron Stave
A threedimensional mathematical model of heat transfer in cast iron stave was developed. The model is used to analyze the temperature field of stave with iterative calculation for slag skull melting. The heat load limit of blast furnace stave was found under different conditions. The influence of the stave structure and cooling conditions on heat load limit is discussed. The results show that the water rate from 2 m/s to 4 m/s had a small effect on heat load limit.The gap between water pipe and iron block decreases the cooling ability of cast iron stave. By increasing water pipe diameter from 48 mm to 70 mm，the heat load limit was increased by 45%.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 8-0 [
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11
LI Sanjun;YANG Shuangping;JIN Renjie;HAN Jing
Experimental Study on Pellet Production With Siderite of Daxigou Mine of Longmen Iron and Steel Factory
In order to optimize the blastfurnace charge structure at Longmen Iron and Steel Factory, fully display Daxigou iron ore source superiority, the proper proportion and production conditions were studied. The metallurgical and physical properties of pellets produced with different proportions were determined. The results indicate that, the pellets made from pure Daxigou ore fines are not suitable because of low yield and low decrepitation temperature. The reasonable proportion of siderite should be controlled below 50%.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 11-0 [
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15
GUO Minlei;CHENG Shusen;ZHANG Fuming;QUAN Qiang
Calculation of Temperature Distribution in Checkers During “on Blast” Cycle in Hot Blast Stove
In order to optimize the design of hot blast stove, a model of heat transfer in chamber of hot blast stove was developed and the software based on the model was established. The effect of the checker thermal characteristics such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density etc on the temperature of blast and checkers,the heat accumulation and heat release of checkers was determined. During “on blast”, the temperature gradient in checkers is reduced along the radius,so a proper thickness of the checker should be chosen;increasing both the thermal conductivity and just only increasing the density or heat capacity makes the blast temperature lower and more unstable, however as long as the combustion time is long enough,the capability of regenerator and to accumulate heat and supply stable blast will be made full use.The effect of the checker thermal characteristics becomes smaller with the increase of “on blast” time.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 15-0 [
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炼钢
22
XUE Zhengliang;HU Zhigang;YAN Xiaoping;YUAN Weike;LIU Yue;LIN Weiguo
Research on Desulphurizing Process for SoftKilled Molten Steel
The fast desulphurization process for the softkilled molten steel 16MnR with acidsoluble aluminum less than 0.005% was researched with steel plant practice.The results indicated that the softkilled molten steel can be quickly desulphurized with strong slag infiltration during LD tapping and strong stirring in ladle furnace refining. The desulphurization rate by slag infiltration during LD tapping was from 14.8% to 59.1%,with an average level of 35.7%. The rate of heats with S content less than 0.015% reached 77%. The sulphur content of all heats was from 0.006% to 0.016%,with an average of 0.011% after LF refining.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 22-0 [
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25
ZHENG Shuguo;ZHU Miaoyong
Mechanism of Inclusion Removal From Molten Steel by Bubbles During the Refining Process With Argon Blowing
A physical model was established by choosing emulsion drops simulated as inclusions to study the mechanism of inclusion removal from molten steel by bubbles during the refining process with argon blowing, and the effect of operation parameters on inclusion removal was investigated. The results show that both the smaller and the larger gas flowrates seemed to be efficient for inclusion removal. The inclusions are mainly removed by attachment to bubbles at smaller gas flowrate and mainly removed by capture in the wakes behind big bubbles at larger gas flowrate.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 25-0 [
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30
ZHUO Xiaojun;YANG Chenwei;L Naibing;WANG Xinhua;CUI Jingyu;WANG Kun
Study on Nonmetallic Inclusions of High Quality Microalloyed Forging Steel for Automobile
The manufacture process “BOFLFVDCC” of microalloyed forging steel for automobile was investigated systematically, especially the formation principle of nonmetallic inclusions. Steel and slag samples were taken in every stage of manufacture process, and these samples were analyzed.The morphology and composition of nonmetallic inclusions in steel sample were analyzed using SEMEDX systematically. The results show,that phosphorus content and total oxygen content in slab could be controlled below 0.012% and around 0.001% respectively.Most inclusions found in the slab were large pure irregular MnS. Few complex inclusions (oxide with MnS) around 2 μm were found,in which oxide was wrapped by MnS.The ultralow oxygen microalloyed forging steel manufactured by this route could satisfy the requirements for automobile.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 30-0 [
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35
ZHANG Lifu;SHEN Minggang;MIAO Xincheng;XU Hailiang;CHEN ZHiwei
ThermoMechanical Coupled Simulation of Initial Shell Formation in Grooved Mold of Slab Caster
To describe the solidification in caster mold, a twodimensional fully thermomechanical coupled finite element model was established. The model is solved with MSC Marc software. The solidification of slab in the molds with longitudinal parallel grooves separated by different intervals on the inner surface was simulated.The influence of grooves on the solidification of slab was studied. The results show that heat transfer between mold and initial solidified shell is improved by grooves. So grooving is beneficial to the uniform shell growth, and reduction of stress concentration and cracking.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 35-0 [
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38
CAO Liguo;LI Shiqi;CHEN Ze
GCr15 Bearing Steel Production at Shijiazhuang Iron and Steel Company
The GCr15 bearing steel is produced by 60 t BOFLFVDCC route at Shijiazhuang Iron and Steel Company. The key points of the practice are：close oxygen content control on BOF by catching carbon practice, control of the slag carry over during BOF tapping, using CaOSiO2Al2O3 slag with high basicity(R≥3.5) for LF refining,removal ot deoxidization products by effective argon blowing,with further removal during VD process under a vacuum less than 67 Pa and for 1020 minutes and a weak stirring for more than 4 minutes at the end of VD process,protective casting to prevent reoxidation. The average oxygen content of the final products was 9.5×10-6,with the lowest of 7×10-6. The production of GCr15 bearing steel at Shijiazhuang steel is on the domestic top level with such efficient, low cost route.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 38-0 [
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压力加工
42
YU Hui;DU Fengshan;ZANG Xinliang;WANG Feixue;LIU Yuwen
Investigation of Size Accuracy of Stretch Reduced Seamless Tube
According to deformation characteristics of stretch reducing rolling process，a 3D elasticplastic finite element analysis model was established to simulate the distribution of wall thickness and outer diameter of seamless tube with numerical simulation. The transverse distribution of tube wall thickness was investigated to analyse the formation of bore polygon. The distribution of longitudinal wall thickness at head and tail was investigated to determine the rational length of end crop. The calculated results were comparatively close to industrial experimental ones. The study provides at offline means for improving product quality and minimizing crop loss.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 42-0 [
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47
ZHAO Peilin;ZHU Guoming;MA Guangting;TANG Huasheng;SUN Huizhao;KANG ＹongLin
Finite Element Analysis of Rolling Process With Elastic Roller
To obtain the distribution of stress and deformation for rolls and work piece during rolling process, the FEM software Lsdyna with threedimensional elasticplastic FEM method was adopted in simulating the plate finishing rolling under the assumption that work rolls and backup rolls are elastic. The construction of FEM model, material parameters, boundary conditions and loading definition are introduced in details. The results of simulation show that the contact surface of rolls is under threedirectional compressing stress. The bending curve of the work roll was obtained. The shear stress manifests on the XY plane of backup roll is alternative. The deformation and the spreading curve of the work piece were analysed.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 47-0 [
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52
ZHANG Dianhua;LI Xu;ZHANG Hao;HAN Jizheng
Algorithmic Design and Application of Pure Lag Compensation Controller for Monitor AGC via Gap
In accordance with features of dead time of monitor AGC via gap,a new Smith predictor was developed. Based on the typical transfer function of monitor AGC main components, the theoretical predictor model of pure lag compensation controller was deduced.The predictor model was reduced by the optimal reduction algorithm,meanwhile the discrete algorithm and design methods of pure lag compensation controller based on optimal reducedorder model were obtained. The site application results show that monitor AGC with optimal Smith predictor has stronger stability,faster response and higher static accuracy than that of traditional monitor AGC.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 52-0 [
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56
LIU Huaqiang;TANG Di;YANG Quan;YU Wei;WANG Chengzhen
Application of Numerically Simulated of Temperature Field to Controlled Cooling of Plate
A mathematical model of controlled cooling of plate is introduced,including models of heat transfer during air cooling and water cooling. Temperature distribution along the thickness and width of plate is calculated with finite difference method. The temperature predicted by this mathematical model is accurate as confirmed by online measured temperature. Both the shape and the mechanical properties of the plate cooled with the model set regime satisfy the requirements.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 56-0 [
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钢铁材料
61
LIU Zhenbao;YONG Qilong;YANG Zhiyong;LIANG Jianxiong;YU Shuying
Study of Grain Refining Process and Mechanical Properties of a High Strength Maraging Stainless Steel
Reverse austenization,grain refining and effect of grain refined structure on mechanical properties of a high strength maraging stainless steel were studied. The results show that the steel with 7 μm grains was acquired by thermocycle refining treatment, many martensite lath blocks were partitioned into some subgrains, and a few single lathes were partitioned by some martensite lath packets in new refined grains; compared with the steel treated by 1050 ℃×1 h,the yield strength of thermocycle refined steel was increased by 130 MPa,A and Z were increased by 7.5% and 11%,so that thermocycle refining treatment is a new efficient method to improve both strength and toughness of maraging stainless steel.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 61-0 [
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66
XU Yunbo;XIAO Baoliang;LIU Zhenyu;WANG Guodong;ZOU Tianlai
Development and Industrial Application of a New Pipeline Steel With Low Cost and High Performance
The microstructural evolution of highNb steels during hotworking was investigated. It was demonstrated that, the size of ferrite grain and bainite lath is further reduced due to strong strain accumulation in nonrecrystallized region of austenite, and the mechanical properties of controlled rolled plates in laboratory can exceed X80 grade. The 14 mm high temperature proceseedplate (named HTP70) was industrially produced through the microalloying technology of Nb without Mo and high temperature process.The microstructure of the steel mainly consists of ultrafine polygonal ferrite, massive ferrite, acicular ferrite, thin martensite film at grain boundaries and little pearlite. The high strength,high toughness (>X70) and excellent welding performance can be obtained.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 66-0 [
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70
LI Xinge;ZHAO Zhiyi;XUE Rundong;YANG Xiaozhen;XIE Jianxin
Study on Relationship Between Precipitated Phases Containing Ti and Properties of High Strength Hot Strip
The relationship between precipitation of Ti and mechanical properties of hot rolled high strength steel was studied by means of qualitative and quantitative tests, such as tensile test,SEM,TEM and chemical phase analysis. It was found that the strength of the coil middle part is higher than that of the outer part by about 89 MPa. The results of chemical phase analysis indicate that the percentage of precipitated Ti and the proportion of the fine carbonitride precipitates in the coil middle part are higher than that of outer part.For example, the mass percentage of fine precipitates(＜60 nm) is 1.42 times higher than that of outer part. The contribution of carbonitride of Ti smaller than 10 nm to precipitation strengthing in the coil middle part is higher than that of outer part by about 38 MPa. It comes to a conclusion that the unequal Ti precipitation in different parts is the major reason that causes property nonuniformity of steel coil.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 70-0 [
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74
WANG Ning;LI Yi;DU Linxiu;WU Di;LIU Xianghua
Pilot Production and Performance of 550 MPaGrade Low Cost Steel Plate for Commercial Wheels
High strength and low cost wheel steel for commercial vehicles, whose ferrite grain size is 46 μm and the tensile strength of which is up to 550 MPa, was developed by accurate composition adjustment (trimming) and TMCP.The results showed that this test wheel steel has great plasticity, lowtemperature toughness and weldability. The results of underreaming experiment for Q235B, DP590 and the test steel showed that the test steel has excellent flange elongation. The wheel spokes were made from steel and dynamic cornering fatigue test was carried out on assembled wheels. The results showed that the yield of spokes was larger than 99% and the fatigue life of wheels was high enough while the quality of wheel was degraded by 10%.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 74-0 [
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78
DENG Jianhui;XU Quan;DONG Yajun;ZOU Ming;CHEN Zhaoyang
Development and Application of 1100 MPa HeatTreated Rail
By researching and analyzing the damage feature of line rail, the heattreated rail with lower carbon content, 1100 MPa tensile strength and better toughness, was thought to be favorable to decrease contact fatigue damage and improve performance in the fast line of transporting both passengers and goods. Through researching the steel composition, heattreatment structure and properties,a new carboncontaining on line heattreated rail steel was developed, which tensile strength is 10801150 MPa,KIC is 4551 MPa·m1/2, and the crack initiation rate and propagation rate is lower than that of traditional rail steel. The rails had demonstrated good anticontactfatiguedamage and better wearresisting performance after use on a line with train speed of 160 km/h and transportation of 72000000 ton a year for a year.The rail working face contacting the wheel was bright and no contact fatigue crack was observed.The wearresistance of this rail is better that of 1000 MPa rail.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 78-0 [
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环保与能源
82
XIA Dehong;DENG Na;CHANG Qingqing
Entropy Generation in Mixing Process of Fuel Gases and Their Utilization
Based on thermodynamic principles, entropy generation and exergy loss of BFG (Blast Furnace Gas) and COG (Coke Oven Gas) during mixing were studied. The results indicated that although the quantity of energy is maintained,but the quality of the energy is degraded during mixing. The entropy generation and the exergy loss vary similarily with the change of mixing ratio,they first increased then decreased and both reached a maximum at a fraction of COG around 48%.Some measurements for rational energy utilization are proposed.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 82-0 [
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85
WANG Xiaoting;YAN Wenfu;LI Tianxi
Study and Application of Mathematical Model for FeedForward Control of Coke Oven Heating
There are two types of mathematical models for feedforward control of optimized cascade control of coke oven heating one for heating and another for combustion.There are three forms and many formulas of mathematical models for feedforward control of coke oven heating.Based on the intensive research and practice and series demonstration, the foreground of their application is pointed out.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 85-0 [
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装备与控制
89
WU Fengying
Automation Control System of PQF Pipe Mill
The traditional seamless steel pipe rolling mill consists of two high stands. The first PQF mill with three high stands was built at 168 pipe mill plant of Tianjin Pipe Corporation in 2003.The advanced automation control system of PQF pipe mill is described. The synchronized control of angle and speed on PQF pipe mill is introduced. The principle of positioning control and torque balance technique adopted on this mill are also described. The effect of this control system is obvious in improvement of reliability, productivity and quality of products.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 89-0 [
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93
Francesco Stella;Alessandro Pigani
Compact Steckel Plate Mills Utilizing Danieli fTSC Technology
A new generation of 100500 mm Thin/Mediun Slab Caster combined with a 3 300 mm Steckel Plate Mill has come into operation between the end of year 2000 and the beginning of year 2005.Danieli Wean United applies its reliable flexible Thin Slab Casting (fTSC)technology and its hot rolling and plate finshing technology to satisfy the final product and grade requirements of two of the most important steel producers in USA and China.The facilities are designed to produce both coiled and discrete plates having high mechanical characteristics and tight geometrical tolerances at a very competitive production cost on the new millennium plate market.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 93-0 [
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技术交流
97
CHENG Ding;ZHANG Yongquan;YANG Caifu
Application of VN Alloy to High Strength HBeam Steel
Through the contrasting test of the applications of VN and VFe alloys to Hbeam steel，the physical properties、microstructure and precipitated phases of Hbeam were analysed，the microalloying of VN in Hbeam production was studied.
2008 Vol. 43 (6): 97-0 [
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