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2009 Vol. 44 No. 1
Published: 2009-01-15
综合论述
1
FANG Yuan;LIANG Gaofei
High Manganese Steel PlateStrip and Its Production Technology
The representative composition and properties of high manganese steel are presented. The key technologies and difficulties of melting, casting, hotrolling, and coldrolling are described. The progress in these technologies is introduced. The prospect of using thin slab castingrolling and strip casting technologies to produce high manganese steel strip is discussed. The directions of development of high manganese steel strip production in China are proposed.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 1-0 [
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原料与炼铁
7
JIN Mingfang;LI Guangsen;DOU Liwei;SHANG Ce;SHEN Fengman
Relationship Between the Formation Rate of Calcium Ferrite Melt and Strength of Iron Sinter
The effects of adding SiO2 or Al2O3 on the formation rate of calcium ferrite melts, CaO·Fe2O3(CF) and CaO·2Fe2O3(CF2), and the strength of sintered iron concentrate samples were also examined. The results showed that the formation rate of CF increased with the addition of SiO2 and Al2O3, however, the formation rate of CF2 decreased with the addition of SiO2 and Al2O3. The negative effect of adding CF2 slag with SiO2 or Al2O3 on the strength of sintered samples was obtained.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 7-0 [
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12
ZHOU Mingshun;ZHAI Liwei;LIU Wanshan;SHANG Ce;REN Wei
Study on Effect of Magnesite on Pellet Roasting Parameters
The effect of magnesite addition in acid pellet on roasting process parameters was studied in laborafory. A balltype unsteady conduction differential equation was developed based on Fourier equation and the effect of magnesite addition on pellet heat transfer was analyzed according to finite difference. It was shown that the roasting time of pellets with and without magnesite addition was 9.13 minutes and 8.35 minutes respectively, and it is suggested that the preheating temperature should be increased to make carbonate decomposed fully or the roasting time should be enlongated to realize reasonable roasting.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 12-0 [
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15
ZHANG Dailin;YU Liang;ZHENG Mingdong
Effect of Petrographic Properties of Coking Coal on Quality of Metallurgical Coke
Ｗith the progress in petrographic analysis of coal, petrographic analysis of coking coal is applied abroad in blending and coking. The maceral properties of single coals and blends were studied,and quality of cokes made on 40 kg pilot coke oven was analyzed.The results indicated some relations between maceral properties and quality of cokes.Firstly,cold mechanical coke strength was optimum and thermal quality was also better while mean maximun vitrinite reflectance of single coal is in the range of 1.3%1.5%; Secondly, cold mechanical coke strength and thermal quality were governed by reflectogram of blended coal; Finally,the relationship between CRI(coke reactivity index) and CSR(coke strength after reaction) was of linear negativecorrelation.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 15-0 [
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19
DAI Xiaotian;GUO Peimin;QI Yuanhong;ZHANG Chunxia;YAN Dingliu
Determination of Amorphous Phases in BF Slag by XRay Diffraction
The quantitative analytical method for amorphous and crystalline phases in blast furnace slag was studied by Xray diffraction. The diffraction intensity of amorphous and crystalline phases could be denoted by the integration areas of amorphous curve and crystalline peaks respectively in a certain 2theta range. On this basis, the coefficient K can be calculated by the relationship between mc/ma (mass ratio of crystalline to amorphous solids) and Ic/Ia (area ratio of integrated amorphous curve to crystalline peaks) through liner fitting. The suitable amorphous content range for K can be also determined. It was found that the range which mc/ma and Ic/Ia was in linear relationship varied with different slags and the value of K is different too. This method is suitable for the quenched blast furnace slag with high amorphous content. The absolute error of this method is less than 4%, and the relative error is less than 5%.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 19-0 [
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炼钢
23
WANG Xuebin;FENG Mingxia;ZOU Zongshu;ZHAO Guoguang;LIU Zhengxiang
Slag Forming Route and Dephosphorization of BOF Dephosphorizing Pretreatment and Direct SteelMaking
Based on practical data，the routes of slag formation during BOF dephosphorizing pretreatment and direct steelmaking process were studied. From thermodynamics and kinetics viewpoints，the routes of slag formation in two phases of the dephosphorizing pretreatment and direct steelmaking process are discussed in detail. The route of slag formation is different for hot metals with different phosphorus content. For the dephosphorizing pretreatment and direct steelmaking process，high iron oxide route should be used in dephosphorization phase to improve the kinetic conditions，and high calcium oxide route shoule be used in decarbonization phase to improve the thermodynamic conditions.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 23-0 [
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27
YANG Wenyuan;JIANG Xiaofang;WANG Minglin;ZOU Jiezhong;NING Aimin
Study of High Efficient Blowing Technique on Large and Medium Converters
The high efficient blowing technique includes increasing oxygen supply intensity and optimizing slag forming. The oxygen supply intensity on 300 t converters of No.1 steelmaking shop at Bao Steel reaches 3.83 m3/（t·min）, and at Taiyuan Steel, Lianyuan Steel, Pinxiang Steel and other steel plants, the oxygen supply intensity on medium converters is in the range of 4.04.4 m3/（t·min）. The productivity of converter can be increased by 8%15% with adoption this technique. The whole technique, including design and manufacture of lance nozzle with reasonable pacnolontenue of outlets, technique of oxygen supply and slag forming, has been developed by CISRI to meet the need of technique transfer.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 27-0 [
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31
ZANG Xinyang;WANG Xudong;MA Yong;YAO Man;ZHANG Li
Study on Periodical Behavior of Mould Friction Force in Continuous Slab Casting
Mould friction force is an important parameter, by which the status of continuous casting can be reflected. It is very significant to understand the interaction between mould and strand shell, and evaluate the powder lubrication properties by studying periodical behavior of mould friction force. Based on a slab caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators, the transient mould friction force was measured, and the characteristics of periodical behavior of mould friction force is discussed. The results show that the similar periodical change of mould friction force was observed in two kinds of oscillation modes in steady casting; positions of maximum and minimum mould friction force during a cycle were some what regular; mould friction force kept being positive for a long time and fluctuated strongly at start of casting.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 31-0 [
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36
WANG Ying;GUO Jia;YANG Wen;JING Cailiang;WANG Xinhua
Thermodynamics of Desulphurization of Gear Steel 20CrMoH
Route of LDLFRHCC is adopted to produce high quality gear steel 20CrMoH. During tapping, the bath is deoxidized by aluminium, and high basicity and low oxidability slag is made to refine the molten steel. The sulphide capacity and sulphur distribution of slag during were calculated using KTH model and Turkdogan’s formula respectively, and then compared with measured values. The desulphurization efficiency during refining is analyzed.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 36-0 [
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40
GONG Wei;JIANG Zhouhua;PAN Limei;TANG Dong
Model of Electrode Consumption of LF Refining
Based on the production data of a 60 t ladle furnace in Fushun steelmaking plant, a model of electrode consumption of LF refining was developed. In the model, both side consumption and end consumption are considered. The electrode consumption in production is analyzed with the model. The measures and advices to reduce electrode consumption are brought forward.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 40-0 [
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压力加工
43
LI Junhong;LIN Xia;LIU Yong;WEN Yacheng;LI Weiping;LI Yuhe
Numerical Simulation of Slab Temperature Field During Reheating and Its Application
A mathematical model for slabs heated in a 3zone walking beam reheating furnace was established．The finite difference method was used for discretion of the mathematical model and a computational software was developed．The influence of the slab width on slab temperature was studied. It was found that for 200 mmthick slab, when the width was above 600 mm, the slab width had no influence on the slab center temperature. According to the result, the slab reheating process was optimized for productivity enhancement and energy saving.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 43-0 [
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47
XIE Yingjie;ZHAO Dewen;HAN Litao;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Research on Effective Strain in Wire Rod During Rolling and Calculation of Temperature Jump
In order to calculate the inhomogeneous deformation in ovalround pass sequence of wire rolling, the principle of the equivalent rectangular approximation method was adopted. It was found that the overlapping area between the two equivalent rectangular sections is the key factor to solve the effective strain. The stock sections at entry and at exit were supposed to be oval and the shear strains were ignored. Then a new analytic method called OA (Overlapping Area) method without using rectangular sections conversion to solve the effective strain was proposed. To valid the OA method, the temperature jump during finish rolling of 6.5 mm wire was calculated. The results show that the calculated accumulative temperature jump was in good agreement with the measured ones with a maximum relative error less than 10%. A regression model for the relationship between total temperature jump and entry temperature was thus obtained. The model shows that total temperature jump almost increases linearly with decreasing entry temperature.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 47-0 [
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51
CHANG Tiezhu;ZHANG Qingdong;JIANG Zhenglian;WU Bin;PENG Jun
FEM Simulation of Strip Edge Over Coating During HotDip Galvanizing
By Fluent simulation of strip edge over coating (EOC) during hot dip galvanizing, the relationship between technological parameters related and blast pressure on strip was obtained. Based on the analysis of flow field on strip, technological countermeasures of EOC control were also obtained for better thickness distribution of zinc layer strip shape control and quality of product.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 51-0 [
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钢铁材料
55
LIU Haitao;LIU Zhenyu;WANG Guodong;JIANG Laizhu
Effect of Annealing of 00Cr17Ti HotRolled Band on Ridging of ColdRolled and Annealed Sheet
Comparative experiments of 00Cr17Ti coldrolled sheets with or without hot band annealing were carried out. The effect of annealing of hot band on ridging of coldrolled and annealed sheet was investigated by microstructure and texture analysis. The results show that the coldrolled and annealed sheet with annealing of hot band exhibited slighter ridging than that without annealing, and the average roughness and maximum roughness were only 1.27 μm and 12.06 μm, respectively. The difference in ridging characteristics between these two sheets mainly derived from the difference in microstructure and microtexture. The coldrolled and annealed sheet from annealed hot band had more homogenous microstructure in normal direction (ND) and lower texture gradient in transverse direction (TD) in comparison with that without annealing of hot band. Moreover, the grain colonies of the coldrolled and annealed sheet from annealed hot band were shorter, thinner and more scattered. All that reduced ridging of the finished sheet. Thus annealing of hotrolled band is essential to improve the surface quality of finished sheet.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 55-0 [
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59
YAN Haitao;BI Hongyun;LI Xin;XU Zhou
Influence of Nb on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 0Cr11 Ferritic Stainless Steel
Compared with austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels possess the advantages of low cost, low coefficient of thermal expansion and stress corrosion resistance, they are the most common material used in automotive exhaust system, household appliances and construction. The effect of Nb content on microstructure and mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steel was investigated. Results indicated that the grain size of ferritic stainless steel decreased with the increasing of Nb content because Nb can refine grain size. The addition of alloying elements such as Ti and Nb to ferritic stainless steel causes the formation of TiN, NbC and Fe2Nb, as confirmed by calculated results of thermocalc. The tensile strength and microhardness of ferritic stainless steel increased with the increasing of Nb content because of solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening of Nb.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 59-0 [
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63
WANG Xiaofeng;CHEN Weiqing;ZHENG Hongguang
Influence of Cooling Rate on Precipitated Phase of Super Duplex Stainless Steel
The CCT curve of 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N super duplex stainless steel was obtained by thermal dilatometry, and the influence of cooling rate on precipitated sigma phase was studied by combining with metallographic observation, micro hardness measurement and XRD. The results show that the temperature of heat treatment and hot working should be controlled above 1050 ℃. The less the cooling rate, the more the content of precipitated sigma phase, and the higher the micro hardness. The cooling rate over 4800 ℃/h in the range of 6001000 ℃ should be ensured to avoid the hot brittle sigma phase.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 63-0 [
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67
ZHANG Yan;SUN Yufu;LIU Xiaofang;GUAN Shaokang
Effect of Al on Oxidation Resistance of HeatAbrasion Resistant Steel
The oxidation behaviors of heatabrasion resistant steel Fe25Cr20Ni with different content of Al were investigated in air at 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 150 h. The results show that compared with Fe25Cr20Ni, the average oxidation ratse of Fe25Cr20Ni4.72Al at 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃ decreased by 47.14％, 58.14％ and 17.49% respectively. Oxide scale of Fe25Cr20Ni was composed of the mixture of Fe and Cr oxides and spinelle (NiCr2O4, FeCr2O4). While, Al2O3 was detected in outermost layer of oxide scale of Fe25Cr20Ni4.72Al. Oxide scales of specimens without Al, with 1.68%Al and 7.10%Al consisted of two layers, the outer layer was uniform in thickness, presenting many spallation fragments and the inner layer is compact, with some cavities, while that of specimen with 4.72wt%Al was much compacter, without stratification.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 67-0 [
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72
WANG Yongwei;BAI Bingzhe;FANG Hongsheng
Influence of the Finishing Rolling Temperature on Properties of Low Carbon Mn Bainitic Steels
The results of Gleeble thermal simulation test show that the grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrites of low carbon Mn bainitic steel was refined and toughness improved obviously with decreasing of deformation temperature. Compared with nonNb bearing Mn bainitic steel, the microstructure of Nb microalloyed Mn bainitic steel was more refined. The results of laboratory test show that the toughness of Nb microalloyed Mn bainitic steel can be improved more than that of nonNb bearing steel and it is prospective for industrialization.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 72-0 [
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76
SUN Yongqing;LIANG Jianxiong;YANG Zhiyong;SONG Weishun
Effect of Melting Route and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Structure of 0Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al Strips
0Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al stainless steel strips, 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm in thickness, made from ingots prepared by EAF+LF+ESR and laboratory 50 kg VIM+ESR were studied. The results show that labstrips were cleaner and had appropriate residual austenite. Compared with industrial strips, tensile strength and cupping values of labstrips were higher by 5085 MPa and 13 mm respectively with same elongation. The proper Crq/Niq ratio and forging, rolling technology could give better structure with less influence of δferrite.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 76-0 [
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环保与能源
79
CHEN Guanjun;HU Xiongguang;QIAN Kai;MA Jinfang
Study of Combustion Technology of New Top Combustion BF Stove
Based on imported Russian Kalugin top combustion BF stove in Shouqin, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of it, different structures of BF stove were designed. The angle of gas and air jets, reasonable structure of BF stove were studied then through simulation and experiment, a suitable design was accepted and tested. Simulation and test indicates that new developed BF stove is of compact structure,simple in design, has lower temperature at top and wall. The operation indicated that the BF stove runs well, blast temperature satisfies ironmaking. Such BF stove technology could be used to design large high temperature stove.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 79-0 [
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82
YUAN Ling;ZHU Miaoyong;CHEN Jie
Combustion and Heating Characteristics of Baker of 120 t AOD Furnace
By means of STARCD commercial software, the temperature distribution of 120 t AOD ( Argon and Oxygen Decarburization ) furnace lining during baking process and the combustion characteristics of the baker were investigated with numerical simulation, and the predicted results were validated by actual measurements. The results show that the maximum temperature of AOD furnace lining after baking could reach 1380 K, and the biggest temperature difference in the same circle direction was 20 K. The temperature at the side close to the outlet is relatively high. The biggest temperature difference in height was 40 K, and the temperature in the lowermiddle part was relatively high. The small flow rate and lower temperature of the off gas in AOD led to nonuniform temperature distribution of the wall. The present baking effect was not satisfactory. The simulation results were in good agreement with the measured.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 82-0 [
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装备技术
87
Ananya Mukhopadhyay;Andrea Polo;Federico Perotti
Mechanical Properties Predictor for Hot Rolled Strips
The DANIELICQEOnline model suite were introduced.The system has been used for the prediction of mechanical properties of low carbon steels, high carbon steels and HSLA steels for a large number of steel samples. The system output was compared with the actual mechanical testing results. A good agreement between the predicted and the actual measurements were found.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 87-0 [
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技术交流
91
REN Anchao;ZHOU Guifeng;JI Yu;ZHANG Youdeng;ZHU Min;LUO Dexin
Analysis on Swap Block on Tread of 50 kg/m Rail
While 50 kg/m rail was used for a period of time, on the tread of rail swap block could be found. Defects were analyzed by optical macroscopy. The result shows that rolling contact fatigue failures caused swap block defects of rail. The improvement in wheel track contact mode and redution of contact stress between rail tread and the wheel might slow down rail tread bruising, the peeling cracking, shallow layered strips swap block. The preventive rail polishing is the most effective countermeasure.
2009 Vol. 44 (1): 91-0 [
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