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2007 Vol. 42 No. 3
Published: 2007-03-15
综合论述
1
WANG Weixing;HUANG Jie
Review of Technological Development of BF Ironmaking in China
Output of pig iron in China in recent years has been increasing at an increment of more than 20% every year. Meanwhile, BF ironmaking technologies have been greatly improved, coke ratio and energy consumption of ironmaking PCI rate, blast temperature and ultilization factor have been improved continuously. The operation of BF more than 1000 m3 became more mature, with better technicoeconomical indexes. The concentration rate of steel industry in China is low and much equipment are still used, causing the coexistence of the advance and the laggard equipment in BF production.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 1-0 [
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原料与炼铁
5
ZHU Renliang;TAO Weizhong
First Year Practice on Baosteel No.4 BF
In order to improve the ironmaking technology of large size blast furnace continuously, baced on first year practice on Baosteel No.4 BF, the measures for high productivity, heat load increment of BF,operation with low fuel ratio,and high temperature blast are analyzed. It is suggested that the BF productivity can be increased by many ways and the heat load is an important operation index,which can be used as an indicator for steady operation, low product cost, long campaign of large size BF.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 5-0 [
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10
WU Shengli;WANG Guojun;JIANG Weizhong;SUN Jinduo;XU Haifa
Interaction Between Lump Ore and Sinter in BF
The metallurgical performance of single lump ore is an important technical index for selection of suitable lump ores, while the interaction between lump ore and sinter is always ignored. Through studying the softening properties of lump ore, sinter and their mix in the laboratory, it is concluded that there are interactions between natural lump ore and sinter in BF high temperature area. The measure and evoluation methods of interaction are given.The melting and dripping experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the interaction.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 10-0 [
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14
XIE Haishen;LI Fumin;MA Mingxin;L Qing
Study on Sulphide Capacity of BF Slag Containing Alkali Metals
The sulphide capacity of B.F. slag containing alkali metals at 1500 ℃ was studied using gasslag equilibrium technique. The results reveal that, at fixed w(MgO), w(Al2O3) and w(K2O+Na2O), sulphide capacity increases with increasing of w(CaO)/w(SiO2) from 0.86 to 1.26; while w(MgO) increases from 5% to 18%, the sulphide capacity increases firstly, and decreases afterwards, it reaches its maximum when w(MgO) is about 8%; while w(Al2O3) increases from 12% to 18% at fixed w(CaO)/w(SiO2),and w(MgO), w(K2O+Na2O), the sulphide capacity increases first and decreases afterwards,reaches its maximum when Al2O3 content is about 13%; at constant w(Al2O3 )and w(MgO), when w(CaO)/w(SiO2) is 0.86,0.96,1.06 and 1.16, the sulphide capacity increases lightly with increasing of w(K2O+Na2O).
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 14-0 [
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炼钢
18
WANG Biao;XIE Zhi;JIA Guanglin;LIN Guoqiang;JI Zhenping
Parameter Determination and Effects on Center Segregation of FEMS
The thickness of solidified shell of strand in secondary cooling zone was first calculated with mathematics model and then confirmed with pinshooting in EAF Steelmaking Plant of Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.. The position of crater end 35～55 mm in diameter was found by calculation with modified mathematical model and pinshooting for given casting speed and steel grades and after that the FEMS was fixed at 8 m from meniscus. The optimal parameters for electromagnetic stirring were determined by teslameter:550 A and 13 Hz.The chemical composition at crater and of billets cast with and without FEMS was analysed. The results showed that the carbon and center segregation coeffient of billet cast with FEMS was decreased from 1.09% to 1.01% and the peak sulphur content in center was reduced obviously. The electromagnetic stirring parameters are suitable.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 18-0 [
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22
JI Aibing;CHU Shaojun;MA Shaohua;WANG Yugang;ZHAI Dan
Principle and Practice of Melting High Nitrogen Steel With Ammonia Gas Blowing
Based on the metallurgical thermodynamics, the coupling reaction of NH3 with ［O］,［S］ can improve the generation of active nitrogen atoms to be absorbed by liquid steel more easily than nitrogen molecules. At the same time,ammonia gas blowing can remove the oxygen and sulfur from liquid steel and decrease the inclusion content in the steel.For nitrogen alloying by blowing nitrogen under normal pressure, the liquid steel should be deoxidized and desulfurized because ［O］,［S］ as surface active elements are not favorable to nitrogen absorption. Experiments of melting high nitrogen steel (HNS) in tenkilogram inducton furnace indicated that,the nitrogen absorption effect of NH3 blowing is increase 18%~75% higher than that of N2 blowing. The process of melting HNS by blowing NH3 under normal pressure requires moderate content of ［O］,［S］ in molten metal.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 22-0 [
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25
CHEN Wei;ZHANG Yuzhu;WANG Baoxiang;XIE Liping
Optimization and Control of Secondary Cooling Parameters of Continuous Casting
The essential aim of building numerical models for any process is to optimize it. The use of optimization strategies can be seen as a useful tool in the search of operational parameters that maximize or minimize some result of a dynamic process. In order to ensure product quality and high productivity, based on the subproblem approximation method，an artificial intelligence optimization system was established to search out the optimum water consumption in secondary cooling zone of continuous casting. This system can optimize the parameters of continuous casting for different steel grades,at different casting speed,with different metallurgical constraints and etc. The optimum process parameters would make it possible to run the caster at its maximum productivity, minimum cost and to cast defect free products. The optimization system, which includes both a numerical heat transfer module and a design optimization module, works by automatic iteration between the two modules.
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30
ZHANG Huishu;ZHAN Dongping;JIANG Zhouhua
Final Sulfur Content Prediction Model Based on Improved BP Artificial Neural Network for Hot Metal Pretreatment
Predesulfurization of hot metal has become an important task for clean steel production. The final sulfur content is a key index of desulfurization station for capacity and efficiency evaluation. Based on the practice of CaO+Mg powder coinjection at Meishan Steel, and improved BP algorithm with new method of adjusting study rate and learning method of maximal error,a prediction model of final sulfur content for hot metal pretreatment was established. The data of 1154 heats were used to training the model and the other 100 heats were selected as the test samples. It was shown that, the improved BP algorithm is more accurate than the normal one, the accuracy of prediction with error less than 0.003% was increased by 28%; for 19 percent of the total test heats the predicted values were the same as the actual ones,90 percent heats were with error less than 0.003%, the average error was 0.0017%.Thus the improved BP algorithm is suitable to predict the final sulfur content for hot metal predesulfurization.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 30-0 [
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33
WU Wei;LIU Liu;LI Jun
Deoxidization Process With Low Aluminum Addition for Heavy Rail Steel
Because of big influences of aluminum inclusions on the performance of heavy rail steel, and the reason why steel rail generates fatigue fracture is aluminum oxide inclusion in the steel by aluminum deoxidization, it is very necessary for heavy rail steel to reduce the quantities of Al2O3 inclusion in the deoxidization process with aluminum. So it is very important for heavy rail steel to adopt deoxidization methods with low aluminum addition. According to the characteristic of deoxidization with low aluminum addition, the control of aluminum content, the diffuse deoxidization technology in ladle furnace, vacuum deoxidization process by carbon, inclusion modification technology by calcium treatment are studied, which are applied to production practice. Results show that if deoxidization process with low aluminum addition is adopted, the total oxygen content in the steel is decreased below 20×10-6 by the methods of controlling slag composition, deoxidization technology by carbon in RH, calcium treatment process, which meets the requirement of clean heavy hail steel.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 33-0 [
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压力加工
37
HANG Xiaofang;ZHOU Xiaoguang;LIU Zhenyu;WANG Guodong;WU Di
Research of Deformation Resistance Modeling for Nb Bearing Steel During Compact Strip Process
Single pass reduction test of X46 steel produced by compact strip rolling line at Benxi Steel was performed by Gleeble2000 thermal/mechanical simulation tester. Considering the effect of Mn and Nb content, deformation resistance modeling was studied. Production data and single pass reduction test results show that and temperature of recrystallization for X46 steel is 981.3 ℃；Dynamic recrystallization fraction is close to 1 during rough rolling; Calculated deformation resistances are in good agreement with experimental results by considering the effect of dynamic recrystallization and accumulative strain,showing that the developed model can predict deformation resistance of low carbon Nb bearing steel in compact strip process.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 37-0 [
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41
LI Shengli;WANG Guodong;LIU Xianghua;LＩ Ying
Technics and Experimental Research on Controlled Rolling for LargeCrossSection Bearing Steel Parts
Based on the recrystallization laws of deformed austenite of bearing steel, a controlled rolling technology to inhibit net carbide was proposed with finishing rolling temperature at 900 ℃, cooling rate after rolling higher than 3 ℃/s and reheating temperature in the range of 700~550 ℃.The feasibility of this controlled rolling technology was studied by FEM simulation. The result of field test shows that the largecrosssection parts produced with new technology have excellent performance and qualification rate in terms of net grade was increased to 77.3%.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 41-0 [
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44
PENG Kai;LIU Yazheng;XIE Bin;Zhou LeYu;CUI Juan
Analysis of Scar Defect of Hot Rolled Strip
The samples of hot rolled strip with surface scars and cold rolled sheet with porosity cluster were investigated by microscopy. And it was found that the scars of black fibrous structure are separated from the base metal due to collision.The collision of steel strip with flipper guide was observed on finish rolling unit. Formation and evolution of scars were studied by hot rolling and cold rolling simulation.The collision of steel strip with flipper guide on finish rolling unit is the reason of scar defect.Porosity cluster of cold rolled sheet is transformed from scars, and it is critical to avoid collision for improving the surface quality of hot rolled strip.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 44-0 [
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钢铁材料
47
LIU Zhenbao;YANG Zhiyong;YONG Qilong;LIANG Jianxiong;LUlun
Effect of Solution Treatment on Mechanical Properties of a New Maraging Stainless Steel
The effect of solution treatment on mechanical properties of a new stainless steel, CrNiCoMo maraging stainless steel was studied. The result shows that there are intermetallics in the steel solution treated at a temperature lower than 1050 ℃ with χ phase as the major phase. The intermetallics deteriorate toughness of the steel，and the strength of the steel is reduced by 100 MPa. There is lathy martensite of high density dislocation in the steel after 1050 ℃ solid solution treatment for one hour. By proper aging treatment, the strength of the steel may reach up to 1940 MPa,with a good combination of strength and toughness.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 47-0 [
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52
ZHANG Yinghui;ZHAO Hongjin;KANG Yonglin
Research on Optimization of Cooling Process for TRIP Steel After HotDeformation
The optimization of cooling process for TRIP steel after hotdeformation was studied by orthogonal test on hot simulation experiment machine. The results show that both the slow cooling rate to control ferrite transformation and the rapid cooling rate to control bainite transformation affect the microstructure of TRIP steel obviously.An optimized cooling process of TRIP steel was put forward based on analysis of experimental data.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 52-0 [
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56
LIANG Jianping;LIU Xufeng;WANG Lixin;ZHAI Qijie
Effect of Cooling Rate on High Temperature Mechanical Properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti Steel
With Gleeble3800 thermal simulation testing machine, the effect of cooling rate of specimens cooled from the temperature of mushy zone on high temperature mechanical properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti was investigated. The experimental results showed that the interval between zero strength temperature (ZST) and zero ductility temperature(ZDT) is less than 20 ℃,and the hot ductility at 1300 ℃ could be improved by increasing cooling rate. It is deemed that this change can be attributed to the combined effect of solidification shrinkage and feeding of remained melts. With the increase of the solid fraction, the fracture is changed from the intergranular to transgranular.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 56-0 [
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60
ZHENG Fang;ZHENG Lei;WANG Guodong
Effect of Composition of an Econimical HotRolled TRIP Steel on Microstructure and Properties
In order to utilize resource effectively and decrease the production cost, more attention is put on the economical high strength hot rolled TRIP(Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel.A hot rolled TRIP steel without any expensive alloying element was developed.The hot rolled TRIP steel sheets 3.0 mm in thickness were produced on a pilot mill with controlled rolling and stepped cooling from the ingot cast in a vacuum induction furnace in laboratory. The effect of carbon, silicon and manganese on the microstructure and properties were studied by tensile test and microstructure analysis. The results show that the tensile strength of the steel increases with increasing carbon or manganese content, but the elongation of the steel decreases with carbon content increasing. The increase of silicon content increases the strength and does not affect the elongation. In this case, the product of tensile strength and elongation (TS×T.EL) increases. 600 MPa high strength hotrolled TRIP steel with TS×T.EL of 21833 MPa·% and 800 MPa high strength hotrolled TRIP steel with TS×T.EL of 24650 MPa·% can be produced by controlling the content of carbon, silicon and manganese and rolling process.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 60-0 [
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ZHANG Mei;LI Lin;FU Renyu;ZHANG Jicheng;WEI Xicheng
Properties of Low Carbon Transformation Induced Plasticity Steels
The FLD and mechanical properties under high speed impact for low carbon TRIP steel were studied. The mechanical properties, microstructure and microhardness of laser welded joint were researched. The ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the laser welded samples were larger than the base material while the total elongation was slightly lower. All of the laser welds were free of cracks and other defects. The low carbon TRIP steel also exhibits excellent formability, high strength and fairly good weldability.
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69
ZHANG Xiaoli;ZHUANG Chuanjing;FENG Yaorong;ZHAO Wenzhen;HUO Chunyong
Local Brittleness of HeatAffected Zone of X80 Pipeline Steel
Impact Charpy toughness and local brittleness of HAZ of X80 linepipes made in China were studied. It was shown that the impact toughness of HAZ is 50% of base metal.From 20 ℃ to -40 ℃, the fracture is changed from part brittleness to total brittleness.At 20 ℃,the radial region is a mixture of cavitation and cleavage fracture and at 20 ℃and 0 ℃ the microcracks could be observed in radial region and fibrous region, respectively.The microstructure of fracture surface of HAZ is of granular bainite,with characteristics of coarse crystal zone.The propagation of microcracks goes along grain boundaries, the size of M/A islands in granular bainite is increased, and the phenomenon of crack traversing through M/A island exists as the result of serious embrittlement of grain boundary in HAZ.
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 69-0 [
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环保与能源
73
SUN Demin;DOU Baofen;YANG Shiling;WEN Xiangyang;XU Wenjing
Development of TopFiring Air and Gas SelfPreheating Hot Blast Stove
The topfiring air and gas selfpreheating hot blast stove adopts a patented burner and high blast temperature bypass flue. This hot blast stove has following features:the highest temperature of flue gas in general flue reaches 600 ℃; the air and gas are preheated to 300 ℃; the hot blast temperature is over 1200 ℃; the flue gas temperature is below 180 ℃.
Key words： topfiring burner; high blast temperature bypass flue; air and gas preheating
2007 Vol. 42 (3): 73-0 [
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装备与控制
76
WAN Fei;WANG Yongqin;ZHANG Guanghui
Research and Application of Conditioning of Tooth Surface of ZC1 WormWheel of Large Rolling Mill for Mesh Control
In order to control the initial contact area on the tooth surface of the worm gear pair the principle of differential geometry and gearing mesh, was used to condition the gear surface in the screw down device of large rolling mills. The method of adjusting curvature on the tooth surface of worm wheel and it’s application to vertical and nonvertical processing ot worm gear are introduced.
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79
E.van Stein Callenfels;R.van Laar
High Performance MTT Coolers for Demanding Blast Furnace Application
A new cooling concept was developed in which the cast copper cooling elements, such as copper staves, are combined with castin Monel pipes. The Monel pipes form the cooling water passages,as a result a smooth and leakproof flowpath for the cooling water is realized with sufficient dimensional flexibility to meet existing furnace shell construction. As an additional advantage, any welds inside the furnace shell vessel are eliminated.
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