钢铁研究学报(英文版)
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2010 Vol. 17 No. 12
Published: 2010-12-15
工艺
1
SHANG Xiuqin;LU Jiangang;SUN Youxian;et al
DataDriven Prediction of Sintering Burn-Through Point Based on Novel Genetic Programming
The paper presents an empirical dynamic model of burn-through point (BTP) in sintering process. The model combines two stages of sintering process, cold processing stage and sintering stage. Fist, cold bed permeability measured by Gas velocity is introduced in the cold stage. Then, K-Means clustering is applied to partition the feed according to the permeability. Besides, for each clustering, a novel genetic programming (NGP) is proposed to construct the empirical model of the waste gas temperature and pressure drop through the bed in sintering stage. NGP adopts least square method (LSM) and M-estimator to improve the ability to compute and resist disturbance. Therefore, the paper constructs a model base of burn-through point and the simulation proves that the model base has a good performance.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 1-1 [
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6
CHENG Xiangli;LI En ke;CANG Da qiang;et al
Generation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Coking
The generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during coking was studied and the contents of 16 PAHs are measured by the devices of ultrasonic abstraction and high performance liquid chromatography for single coal coking and blended coal coking. The results indicate that the amount of generated PAHs during the initial 1~4 hours of coking is the most. Among these PAHs the tetranuclear PAHs has a major portion and the Benzo[a]pyrene which can cause cancer, teratogenesis and mutation was generated in a larger concentration more than emission standard. The two PAHs are the main pollutions of PAHs pollution.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 6-10 [
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11
ZHAO Hongxin;YUAN Zhangfu;WANG Wenjing;et al
A Novel Method of Recycling CO2 for Slag Splashing in Converter
Converter off gas, an important energy resource for steel enterprises is one of the weak points in the recovery and utilization of secondary energy resources. To improve the level of recycling converter off gas in steel plants, a novel approach to recycle CO2 separated from converter off gas or other off gas for the green slag splashing technique was developed, and the CO2 equilibrium conversion ratio of the green CO2 slag splashing in different technological conditions was calculated by HSC software. Furthermore, the experiments of CO2 injected into melting converter slag were carried out, and the influence factors of the green CO2 slag splashing technique were analyzed. The results showed that the carbon amount for smoothly CO2 slag splashing was about 4.0%.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 11-16 [
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17
XU Hailun;WEN Guanghua;SUN Wei;et al
Analysis of Thermal Behavior for Beam Blank Continuous Casting Mold
Finite element models of steady heat conduction in the meniscus region of beam blank mold were developed by using ABAQUS software. The effect of mold grinding thickness, cooling water velocity, diameter of restrictor rods and water channel design on hot face temperature was analyzed in detail. Attention was focus on the peak temperature and temperature uniformity along hot face. The results showed that the peak temperature of existing mold, about 337.2 oC, is located in the fillet, and two valleys of hot face temperature are found in flange corner and junction of wide face and narrow face, respectively. Decreasing mold thickness, increasing cooling water velocity and increasing diameter of restrictor rods can all reduce peak temperature and improve temperature uniformity along hot race at the expense of lower overall temperature. Redesigning the water channel can decrease peak temperature and thermal gradient of mold without lowering overall temperature of hot face. In particular, the small hole design can improve temperature uniformity across hot face to the best advantage.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 17-17 [
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23
C Gheorghies;S ConduracheBota
Temperature Correction for Thickness Measurements of Hot Rolled Steel Plates
Measuring the thickness of steel plates during the hot rolling process is crucial for getting the necessary feedback to obtain the desired values at room temperature. The dilatation and the phase transformations that steel suffers during it's heating and subsequent cooling when rolled strongly influence the results of thickness measurements. The radiometric method provides the necessary means to make real-time and fully automatized measurements of steel thickness during rolling, if only the temperature correction is precisely known and taken into consideration. This article proves that the experimental results concerning the relative variation of steel thickness and of it's corresponding mass-thickness variation can be correctly explained by means of the theory of metal dilatation correlated with the theory of nuclear radiation absorption when passing through a metal or metallic alloy, such as steel.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 23-23 [
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30
YANG Xu;TONG Chaonan;YUE Guangfeng;et al
Coupling Dynamic Model of Chatter for Cold Rolling
In order to build high accracy integral dynamic models of cold rolling mill system, by analyzing the vibration process of cold rollilng, the dynamic model of 4-h mill is built, including the rolling process model, the mill roll stand structure model and the hydraulic servo system model. These three models are coupled and linearized, then the multiple input multiple output(MIMO) linear transfer function model of single stand 4-h cold mill system is obtained. The model was carried out with the proposed data to prove its validity, meanwhile the effects to the stability of cold rolling mill system with different working conditions have been discussed. Simulation resulsts show that the model in accord with formers’ models and has its own advancement. It can make contribution to the further study on analysis and supression of coupling vibraiton.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 30-30 [
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35
LIU Jiawei;ZHANG Dianhua;WANG Junsheng;et al
Deflection Compensation Model for Flatness Measuring Roll
In flatness of measurement system, the flatness roll deflection will have the disturbance to the flatness measuring signal. The flatness roller's stress is analyzed and the flatness roll deflection model is obtained by using the influence function method in this paper. The model is computed and gets the corresponding compensating curve. The results indicated that the compensated scheduled flatness is preferably accordant with the online rolling flatness, so the strip with good flatness can be obtained after the compensation
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 35-37 [
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材料
38
Hassan Jafari;Mohd Hasbullah Idris;Ali Ourdjini;et al
The Influence of Gating System, Sand Grain Size and Mould Coating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin Wall Ductile Iron
In this study, the effect of gating systems, mould coating and sand grain size on metallurgical and mechanical properties of TWDI casting were investigated. Two different gating systems; stepped and tapered runners, were used to cast strip samples. The thicknesses of the samples cast were 2.3, 3.3, 4.5, 5.4, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 mm. The samples were cast in CO2/silicate process moulds of two different sand grain sizes of 151 and 171 according to the AFS standard. To assess the effect of mould coat on the properties of TWDI, half of the moulds were coated with graphite-based zircon whilst the rest were left uncoated. The carbon equivalent (CE) of the molten metal prepared was 4.29% and poured at the temperatures of 1450°C. The microstructure of the cast specimens was analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopes. Clemex Image Analyzer (CIA) was used to evaluate graphite nodule count, graphite nodules area fraction, roundness and diameter of the nodules of the TWDI cast samples. Brinell hardness and tensile tests were also conducted on all the samples. The results show that by using stepped runner gating system with uncoated and coarse sand grain size mould, roundness and graphite nodule counts decrease. However, graphite nodules diameter and area fraction increase. The results also show that finer sand grain size and coated mould produce longer distance of molten metal travel.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 38-38 [
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47
LI Changsheng;YANG Hua;WANG Yanfang;et al
Texture of Hot Rolled Strip for Fe-3Si Steel Produced by Thin Slab Casting and Rolling
Fe-3%Si steel strip was experimental produced by thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) process in the laboratory. The microstructure and texture of hot rolled strip by different total reduction and rolling schedule was observed through EBSD technique and X-ray diffraction method. The changeable rule of texture density on the α、ε and γ, and fibers was analyzed. When the total reduction was increased from 82.9% to 97.1%，the gradient of microstructure and texture for A steel surface layer and center layer was found, {001}
&#
8249;110
&#
8250; texture had higher intensity, and {001}
&#
8249;110
&#
8250; texture was changed to{110}
&#
8249;001
&#
8250;和{112}
&#
8249;111
&#
8250;. The texture distribution with different reduction schedule for B steel was basically similar, but the Goss texture orientation density and volume fraction for B steel were higher, the hot rolling reduction schedule of C1 was effective to the formation of Goss texture. The research works were useful theoretical basis and reference data to develop electrical steel by thin slab continuous casting and direct rolling technology.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 47-53 [
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54
YI Hailong;LIU Zhenyu;WANG Guodong;et al
Development of TiMicroalloyed 600 MPa Hot Rolled High Strength Steel
A high strength steel with tensile strength on the order of 710MPa had been development successfully with only addition of titanium alloy element based on a low carbon steel. The results show the hot deformation accelerates ferrite and pearlite transformation and retards bainite transformation under continuous cooling condition. The microstructure of this steel is mainly composed of fine-grained ferrite and carbides distributed along the ferrite grain boundaries. The yield and tensile strengths of steels are about 620～650MPa and 720～740MPa, respectively, and the values of strain hardening exponent (n) and plastic strain ratio (r) are 0.12 and 0.80, respectively, thus providing well-matched strength with toughness. In short, the fine-grained ferrite and TiC nano-precipitates play an effective role in strengthening the steel.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 54-58 [
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59
LIU Xiao;YANG Jichun;YANG Lin;et al
Effect of Ce on Inclusions and Impact Property of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel
The effect of Ce on inclusions and impact toughness of 2Cr13 stainless steel were studied by SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 2Cr13 stainless steel. The result shows that Al2O3 and MnS can be entirely replaced by Ce2O2S and CeS. Fracture is changed from cleavage to ductile fracture by adding Ce to the 2Cr13 stainless steel, and the spherical rare earth oxysulfide inclusions-Ce2O2S in the dimple are the main factors. The transverse impact value of 2Cr13 stainless steel has been improved obviously by rare earth. The transverse impact value of RE-2Cr13 is increased 55.46% at the temperature of -40℃, comparing with 0RE-2Cr13.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 59-64 [
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V Sajadi Far;M Ketabchi;M R Nourani
Hot Deformation Characteristics of 34CrMo4 SteelS
The 34CrMo4 (American grade: AISI 4130) steel is extensively utilized in the compressed natural gas cylinders. Due to the importance of thermo-mechanical processing in the production of these cylinders, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics of 34CrMo4 steel were investigated in the present study. In the present work, the effect of hot deformation parameters such as temperature and strain rate on the dynamic restoration processes of a 34CrMo4 alloy was studied. Hot compression tests were performed in the temperature range of 900-1100?C and the strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s??. Hot workability of this alloy has been analyzed by employing flow localization parameter. The flow curves observed are typical of occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and have exhibited single or multiple peak in flow stress before reaching steady state, depending on the temperature and strain rates. The flow stress decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. Finally the activation energy obtained in this research is 490.749kj/mol.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 65-69 [
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WANG Shuhan;LIU Zhenyu;WANG Guodong;et al
Effects of Twin-Dislocation and Twin-Twin Interactions on the Strain Hardening Behavior of TWIP Steels
In the present paper, tensile tests of Fe-30Mn-5Si -2Al steel were carried out for different strains of 0.05, 0.14, 0.26, and up to the strain-to-failure in order to observe the evolution of microstructure during deformation and investigate the strain hardening behavior. Three-stage strain hardening behavior was observed in this steel during tensile test. In stage I, planar dislocation structure was observed by TEM to be the main deformation mechanism, and low strain hardening rate exponent was exhibited. Primary deformation twinning occurred in stage II, and the strain hardening rate exponent increased due to the blockage of dislocations’ motion by twin boundaries. In stage III, the strain hardening rate exponent had increased to be higher than 0.5. The obstacle effect of twin boundaries and twin-twin interaction had been observed by TEM, and the interactions between primary and secondary twins were found to cause the additional hardening in addition to the obstacle effect on dislocations’ motion, which led to the twinning induced plasticity effect in the later stage of deformation.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 70-74 [
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75
LI Lin;TANG Guangsheng;HE Zhiyong;et al
Influences of Black Carbon Addition on Mechanical Performance of Low-Carbon MgO-C Composite
Carbon black-phenolic resin composite binders with various amounts of nanometer carbon black were prepared through adding KH-550 coupling agent and high-speed mixer. The effects of nanometer carbon black amount added on viscosity of the composite binders were studied. Low carbon MgO-C specimens were fabricated with these composite binders. Effects of nanoscale carbon black contents (0, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of phenolic resin in mass) on mechanical properties of low carbon MgO-C specimens were investigated. The results revealed that the viscosity of the composite binder increased rapidly with increase of nanometer carbon black content. Moreover, it indicated that CMOR, HMOR and CCS of the specimens rose gradually with increase of nanometer carbon black content as well.
2010 Vol. 17 (12): 75-78 [
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