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2006 Vol. 41 No. 6
Published: 2006-06-15
压力加工
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YAO Shijie;WU Di;ZHAO Xianming
Plastic Deformation Analysis of Slab and Improvement of Pressing Schedule on SP
The buckling and “fish tail” are often occurred in sizing press, which can reduce the metal yield. The metal flow of slab in sizing was analyzed and the buckling and “fish tail” at slab head and end were studied with plastic collapse theory according to the mutual influence of end and deformation zone. On the theoretical basis, the compressing roll gap was increased and buckling was reduced. A new sizing process schedule was applied to modify the sizing process and width reduction accuracy was improved obviously, the cutting loss at strip head and tail end was decreased also.
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YU Hailiang;LIU Xianghua;LI Changsheng
Influence of Groove Fillet Radii of Edger Roll on Slab Deformation
The VH(verticalhorizontal) rolling process with groove fillet radii of vertical roll R of 30, 50, 80, 110 mm was simulated by explicit dynamic FEM. The influence of groove fillet radii of vertical rolls on cropping and margin deformation of slab were analyzed. The results show: during the first VH rolling pass, the nonuniform region length of slab head and tail is decreased as fillet radius reduced; during the second and third passes, pass increment of nonuniform region length of slab is decreased as fillet radius increased; comparing of the nonuniform region length with Vroll R 30 mm and Vroll R 110 mm, the former is 5.03% less than the later; the deformation degree of stable segment is reduced as fillet radius increased.
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WANG Xin;KANG Yonglin;YU Hao;CHEN Libin;KONG Qingfu
Microstructure and Properties of Low Carbon Steel Strip Produced by Ferrite Rolling Technology on FTSR Line
The microstructure of 3.0 mm low carbon steel strip, produced by ferrite rolling process on flexible thin slab rolling (FTSR) line at Tangshan Iron and Steel Co. was analyzed by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope. The tensile mechanical properties, formability and the impact toughness of the strip were tested. The results show that the technology of thin slab continuous casting and rolling is suitable for ferrite rolling process. The microstructure of 3.0 mm low carbon steel strip is mainly composed of uneven ferrite, the mean size of the grains is about 29 μm, and there is a little pearlite with very fine lamellar structure, whose space length is smaller than 100nm, distributed in grain boundaries of ferrite. The yield strength of the strip is in the range of 215～240 MPa, tensile strength is in the range of 305-335 MPa and elongation is in the range of 33%-41%, this strip has lower strength and better ductility comparing with the strip produced by austenite rolling process. The bending performance and formability and impact toughness of the strip are excellent at room temperature.
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LIU Jianhua;BAO Yanping;SUN Wei;HUANG Sheqing;ZHOU Jie;
Genetic Analysis of Surface Cracks in H Beam
H beam is produced from beam blank at Masteel. Owing to the special shape, uneven distribution of lateral surface temperature, complicate distribution of strain and stress, high quality molten steel and high level continuous casting operation are required for continuous casting of beam blanks. The reasons of surface cracking are: in production, SS400 molten steel is not refined, C content of some heats locates in the range of peritectic reaction, S and P contents are high, Mn/S is low; and T［O］ and content of macroinclusions are high; thickness of the shell is uneven and up stream of the liquid steel is weak in the mold by use of submerged nozzles with straight outlets and at low casting speed, which makes heat supply to molten steel insufficient and full melt of mould powder; the surface temperature of the web is in the brittleness range due to high cooling intensity in the secondary cooling zone.
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LI Jing;WANG Jing;WEN Zhi;LU Yuezhang;ZHAO Quanqing
Design and Application of Automation System on Roller Hearth Heat Treatment Furnace
The automation system on roller hearth heat treatment furnace for plates is introduced. Redundancy Siemens S7400 PLC system is used for drive control, combustion control, temperature control and automatic tracking of plates. With successful operation of this automation system, the output of roller hearth heat treatment furnace has exceeded design value.
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FAN Jianwen;YAN Chunlian;WANG Yanfeng;LI Guang;XIE Ruiping
Application of Rolling Process for Ultrafine Grained Ferrite in Surface Layers to L245 Plates
The L245 (API5L B PSL2) plates are produced on 3500 mm 4high mill at Shougang Group to obtain ultrafine grained ferrite in the surface layers. By special controlled rolling and accelerated cooling process, mechanical properties of plain carbon steel can meet the requirements of thick L245 plates. The grade of grain size in surface layers is 12 and 10 in central layer of the plates. The yield and tensile strength are 300365 MPa and 430480 MPa respectively with the elongation of 29%35%. The sharpy Vnotch impact energy is above 130 J with the shear area above 85% at -10 ℃. With little increase in cost of steel making, the steel with good combination of strength and plasticity and satisfied toughness at low temperature can be produced by controlled rolling and cooling.
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CAO Jianguo;ZHANG Jie;SONG Ping;SU Yi;YAN Tanli
ASR Technology for Controlling Profile and Flatness of Nonoriented Electrical Steel Strip in Hot Rolling
The demands for profile and flatness of coldrolled nonoriented electrical steel strip have been increasingly severe. Significant work roll wear leads to transverse thickness difference, i.e. edge drop. The test showed that the wear of work rolls of downstream stands is the key factor for the profile and flatness control. The ASR(asymmetry selfcompensating work rolls) and corresponding work roll shifting and bending have been developed and was applied to downstream stand F5 of 1700 hot strip mill at WISGCO for test. The results were that the rate of measured crown less than 52 μm was increased from 13.70% to 81.25% and the rate of measured crown more than 60 μm was decreased from 65.60% to 6.60%，the life of rolls expanded from 60 coils to 80 coils and more. After that, the ASR technology has applied to the production successfully and can be used to “dead flat” rolling and SFR(schedule free rolling).
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钢铁材料
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LI Sijun;QU Jiahui;LIU Gang;WANG Fu;ZUO Liang
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Texture of ColdRolled IF Steel Rolled From Strip HotRolled in Ferrite Region
The effect of annealing temperature on fibrous texture of cold rolled IF steel sheet rolled from strip hot rolled in ferrite region was investigated. The results show that after annealing at 769 ℃, the component of αfibrous texture is decreased to the minimum and {111}∥N.D.γfibrous texture becomes stronger, which is propitious to deep drawability. With the annealing temperature increasing, the component of αfibrous texture is not changed, but the γfibrous texture is damaged.
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XU Guang;XU Chushao;ZHAO Jiarong;LIU Xianjun;XIONG Junwei
Study on Dynamic Recrystallization of Ferrite in UltraLow Carbon IF Steel
The study on deformation of ultralow carbon steel in ferrite region was carried out on Thermecmaster hot simulator and the condition for dynamic recrystallization(DRX) obtained is that the strain rate should be less than 1 s-1 for steel deformed at a temperature of 850 ℃. A dynamic recrystallization model for ferrite was deduced based on experimental results. The predicted values by dynamic recrystallization model are in agreement with test results.
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ZHANG Huaming;CHE Yanmin;CHEN Qian;ZHU Tao;HE Zikai
Scale Structure of Coil Rolled by CSP Processing
The scale structure of coil rolled by CSP was investigated with SEM and XRD. The scale composition is strongly influenced by cooling condition： the ratio Fe2O3∶Fe3O4∶FeO in scale of single sheet was 6.8∶33.4∶598. However the scale on cold coils consisted mainly of magnetite, and was observed no FeO, the ratio Fe2O3∶Fe3O4 was 3.6∶96.4, and the structure was essentially of twolayer structure with an outer hematite layer and inner magnetite layer, that was different from previous lab result. The scale density calculated of sheets and cold coils was 549 g/cm3 and 5.19 g/cm3 respectively. The scale structure of sheets across the width was identical essentially, but hematite content on edges was slightly more than that at quarter width and center.
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原料与炼铁
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KONG Fanshuo;LI Binglai;LIN Qinglin
Development and Application of Accurate PCI Control Technology
PCI（pulverized coal injection） control system is dynamic with multiple inputs and singular output and thus with strong disturbance, nonlinear. The traditional control is of low precision and capability of self-adaptation. By use of neural network, an accurate PCI control system was developed and has been applied at Ji’nan Iron and Steel Co.. The results show that, the maximum related error of PCI rate was decreased from above 15% to below 2%, the standard error of relative error was reduced from 2.83% to 0.52%, the technical and economic indexes of BF were improved.
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WU Hulin;XUE Xiangxin;DUAN Xiangguang
Optimization of Metallurgical Properties of Complex BF Burdens
In order to improve quality of BF burden, by analyzing metallurgical properties of single and mixed burden at Baogang, and comparing them with those of other enterprises, the structure of mixed burden was optimized. The results show that rational ore blending can increase grade and improve metallurgical properties. The sinters produced with optimized burden has good reducibility and reduced powdering ability at low temperature with relative wide melting down region, therefore, content of F, K and Na of the concentrate should be further reduced; the portion of ordinary ores or lump ore from Australia in raw materials should be increased to improve metallurgical properties.
2006 Vol. 41 (6): 0-0 [
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SHI Lin;CHENG Susen;RUAN Xinwei;XU Liangyou
Analysis of Thermal Performance of Blast Furnace Cast Copper Staves
The thermal properties and deformation of new type cast copper stave with buried copper pipe were studied. The result shows that there is no difference in thermal properties between cast copper stave and rolled copper stave. The cooling capacity of cast one is very good. There is no air gap between wall and buried copper pipe. Based on the finite element analysis, the temperature distribution, stress and strain of cast copper stave at high temperature were calculated with the method of thermostructure coupling and calculated data were almost identical with measured. The result indicates that both the temperature and the stress of copper stave under BF operating condition are insufficient to cause cracking. The cast copper stave can satisfy the requirements of long campaign.
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LIU Xia;LIAO Hongqiang;ZHANG Zhenguo;DENG Demin
Study on Improving Quality of Coke Cocoked With Addition of Waste Tire
The properties of the coke coked with addition of waste tire were investigated by using a 2 kg pyrolysis device to simulate coking process. The results indicate that by cocoking of coal and waste tire, the H2 and CH4 contents in the coke gas increased and thermal value of the gas was increased by at lest 23%; the yield of tar and its quality were also improved; the size of waste tire granule added had obvious impact on the quality of coke produced. When cocoking was performed with 1% waste tire of granule size less than 020 mm, the M20 and CSR of coke were increased by 36%, and 42% respectively, the CRI decreased by 35%; the sulfur content was not changed, and the ash and nitrogen content were decreased. Although the concentration of sulfureted hydrogen in the gas was increased by 30%, but the quality of other products from cocoking were improved, so cocoking technique is quite applicable in industry.
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炼钢
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ZHAO Heming;WANG Xinhua;ZHANG Jiongming
Factors Effecting Surface Quality of HypoPeritectic Steel Slab Cast at High Speed
In order to improve surface quality of hypoperitectic steel slab cast at high speed, several factors, such as overheat temperature, ratio of manganese and sulphur, temperature of mold copper plate, average heat flux and powder properties are discussed. It is easy to cause longitudinal cracks in and depressions on slab cast with high overheat and strong secondary cooling. With the increase of casting speed, there is a tendency to make depressions. Depressions are appeared on inner side than on outer side of the slab. The longitudinal cracking is promoted by uneven heat flux, the average heat flux and temperature of copper pates are important factors for cracking. Compared with using powder of lower basicity, using powder of higher basicity can reduce heat flux and temperature of copper plate, realize soft cooling, make solidified shell uniform and improve surface quality of slab.
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WU Guangliang;SUN Yanhui;JIAO Guohua;CHENG Xiaojun;ZHOU Chunquan
Reason and Control of Edge Cracking of CSP HotRolled Strip
The edge cracking of hotrolled strip was investigated. The results showed that edge cracks can be divided in three types, namely, horizontal crack, vertical crack and edge concave. The main reasons of the edge cracking are: expanding of horizontal cracks (including deep oscillation imprint) and fine vertical cracks of cast blank during reheating and hot rolling; cracking due to thermal and mechanical stress caused in solidification, soaking, hot rolling, laminar cooling and coiling. The main measures of control are: reasonable control of steel composition; determination and maintenance of processing parameters, such as density of heat flow, oscillation parameter, and intensity of secondary cooling. The results of industrial test showed that the edge crack index was decreased from 7.93% to 1.81% by implementation of above mentioned measures.
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ZHANG Jingang;LI Degang;YU Gongli;WEN Tieguang;HUANG Yuping
Investigation on RHTB Vacuum Decarburization for IF Steel
For super low carbon IF Steel, the RHTB vacuum treatment, was investigated. The effect of initial molten steel conditions and suitable methods for molten steel with different initial conditions were studied by natural decarbonization and forced decarbonization processes. The results showed that the optimum initial composition is as followings: w(C)=0.030%0.040%, a［O］=0.050%0.070%, t=15901610 ℃. The final composition of w(C)≤0.0025%, w(TO)≤0.0025%, can be stably obtained after RHTB treatment. The test result was proved in production.
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综合论述
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LIU Liu;GAN Yong;ZHANG Jiangling;LI Jing
Research on Energy Recycling at Integrated Steel Companies
Based on the energy balance at integrated steel enterprise producing hot rolled flat products, the methods of recovering waste heat, utilization of secondary energy, and energy recycling efficiency are discussed. The further development mode and substantial measures to be taken are proposed.
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装备技术
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F.Mulinaris;G.Verlini;G.Salvador
Danieli HighSpeed Wire Rod Mills: Advanced Technology and HighLevel Performances
Latest technology applied to wire rod mills in operation is introduced, including TMBTwin Module Block technology, compact crop shear before DWB block, LTRLow Temperature Rolling process, DSCDanieli Structure Control process, closed loop control system, latest generation laying head set and coil reforming pit. Two typical examples, namely the Qingdao Iron and Steel and Shaoguan Iron and Steel special steel wire rod mills are presented.
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环保与能源
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DAI Tiejun;LU Zhongwu
Analysis of Iron Utilization Efficiency in Steel Production Process
Based on the ironflow diagram of steel production process, the iron utilization efficiency of different steel production processes, ie. BFBOF process, EAF process and mix process, is analyzed. The iron utilization efficiency of steel production process is determined by recovery rate of iron. It is evident, that the higher rate of iron recovery, the higher the iron utilization efficiency is. The influence of EAF steel ratio on iron utilization efficiency of mix process is discussed. The higher EAF steel ratio, the higher the iron utilization efficiency of mix process is. Based on the data of steel industries in China, USA and Japan, the relationship of EAF/steel ratio and iron utilization efficiency is analyzed.
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YU Shichang;WU Shenqing;GONG Youjun;GONG Yuansheng;LIAN Mingsheng
Kinetics of Grain Growth in 6Cr21Mn10MoVNbN Valve Steel
Grain growth and its kinetics during solid solution treatment of 6Cr21Mn10MoVNbN steel in a temperature range from 1000 ℃ to 1250 ℃ were investigated. The experimental results show that the dispersed carbonitride in the steel greatly restrains grain growth. The grain size and Rockwell hardness are decreased a little by solid solution treatment at the temperature below grain coarsening temperature（1150 ℃） due to undissolved carbonitride, but grain grow rapidly and Rockwell hardness decreases quickly by solid solution at ＞1150 ℃. Grain growth increases exponently with the increasing solid solution treatment temperature. At the temperature from 1050 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the activation energy value for grain growth is 189.9 kJ/mol, which means that the grain growth mechanism is self-diffusion controlling process, and the grain growth kinetics equation is given.
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