钢铁研究学报(英文版)
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2008 Vol. 15 No. 1
Published: 2008-02-15
Metallurgy and Metal Working
1
LI Ning;CHEN Jin;YAN Hong;FENG Xiumei;CUI Huijun;LIU Jinying
Temperature Rise Characteristics of CarbonContaining Chromite Ore Fines in Microwave Field
To avoid the nonuniform phenomena of heat and mass transfer of metallurgical powdery materials caused by conventional heating method, the temperature rise characteristics of carboncontaining chromite ore fines in the microwave field were investigated using microwave heating in a microwave metallurgical furnace. The experimental results show that the carboncontaining chromite ore fines have better temperature rise characteristics in the microwave field at a frequency of 245 GHz. After heated in the microwave field of 10 kW, the temperature of 1 kg carboncontaining chromite ore fines rose up to 1 100 ℃ in 7 min, at a temperature rise rate of 1571 (℃·min-1·kg-1), whereas the temperature of 1 kg carboncontaining magnetite ore fines rose only up to 1 000 ℃ in 10 min, at a temperature rise rate of 100 (℃·min-1·kg-1). With increasing carbonfitting ratios and by adding calcic lime, their heating effects changed regularly.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 1-0 [
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LONG Shigang;CAO Feng;WANG Siwei;SUN Liuheng;PANG Jianming;SUN Yuping
Combustion Characteristics of Polyethylene and Coal Powder at High Temperature
To study the combustion characteristics of the polyethylene (PE) particle and coal powder at blast temperature of the blast furnace, the contents of CO and CO2 of offgas during the combustion of PE particle and coal powder at the 1 200 ℃ and 1 250 ℃ were measured using carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide infrared analyzer, and then the corresponding combustion ratio was calculated. The results showed that when the temperature is high, the combustion speed of PE and coal powder is high and the corresponding combustion ratio is high. Whereas, the combustion speed and ratio of PE are much higher than those of coal powder.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 6-0 [
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YANG Xia;GUO Shiju
FeMoB Enhanced Sintering of P/M 316L Stainless Steel
Liquidphase enhanced sintering of powder metallurgy (P/M) 316L stainless steel by addition of sintering aids was studied. 2%-8% of prealloyed FeMoB powder with two different particle sizes was added as sintering aids, and the specimens were sintered in vacuum at 1 200-1 350 ℃. The results show that the fine FeMoB powder (5-10 μm) has stronger activated effect. The sintered density increases with the increase in sintering aid content or sintering temperature. Warm compaction has a better effect on the control of dimensional precision of compacts. The prealloyed FeMoB powder deviated from Mo2FeB2 component can also be sintering aid of P/M 316L stainless steel.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 10-0 [
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15
WU Wei;WU Wei;HU Yanbin;LIU Liu;DING Yongliang
Physical Simulation of New Desulphurization Technology Using Pulsed and Rotary StirringInjection
The contrast experiment of different stirring modes, which includes a new type of stirringinjection with the method of pulse and rotation, and the initial oneway stirring method, is done through physical simulation in the laboratory. The stirring methods of pulse and rotation are of two kinds. One is pulsed and rotary stirrer with positive and opposite directions. The other is pulsed and rotary stirrer with rotationstoprotation. The results show that the stirring mode of pulse and rotation has better effects than the oneway stirring method. The specific effects are that the mixing time of the melting bath is apparently shortened, the number of grains involved in the liquid surface is increased, and the residence time of air bubble in water is doubled.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 15-0 [
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19
DENG Anyuan;WANG Engang;HE Jicheng
Effect of Structure Parameters on Power and Magnetic Field in Electromagnetic SoftContact Continuous Casting System
To design a power source system and mold for electromagnetic softcontact continuous casting process and to theoretically estimate the heat losses from the charges and the system power, the effect of structure parameters on system power and magnetic flux density distribution was calculated using finite element method. The results show that as for electromagnetic softcontact continuous casting system with partialsegment type mold, the power consumption is much more than that with a fullsegment type mold; about 62% of electric power is dissipated in the mold, and the effective acting range of magnetic field is relatively narrow. Optimizing mold structure is a crucial measure of remarkably reducing mold power consumption and saving electric energy. Increasing slit number, width, and length can remarkably increase the magnetic flux density in the mold and can reduce the electric energy consumption. Among structure parameters, slit number and slit width are relatively more effective to reduce energy consumption. For a round billet electromagnetic continuous casting system with diameter of 178 mm, the reasonable slit number, width, and length are about 24-32, 05-10 mm, and 160 mm, respectively.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 19-0 [
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ZHAN Huiying;WANG Xudong;GUO Liangliang;YAO Man
Real Heat Flux Analysis of Continuously Casting Round Billet
The distributions of heat flux along the height and the circumferential direction of round billet mould were measured continuously. The influence of casting speed, carbon content, powder, and pouring temperature on the average longitudinal and circumferential heat flux in the “high heat flux region” was discussed. The experimental and analytical results provide a basis for an intelligent mould with online detection of defects, adjustment of operational parameters, optimization of the monitoring system, and even prediction of abnormal heat transfer.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 25-0 [
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30
YU Hailiang;LIU Xianghua;WANG Chao;Park Haedoo
Analysis of Roll Gap Pressure in Sendzimir Mill by FEM
The acting force on the roll system of Sendzimir mill was analyzed using 3D FEM. The roll gap pressure distribution and the acting force between rolls S and O, rolls O and I, rolls O and J, rolls I and A, rolls I and B, as well as rolls J and B were analyzed. The results showed that the roll gap pressure mainly affected the roll surface layer, 50 mm for backup roll; the roll gap pressure distribution is of double peaks among the work roll, the 1st intermediate roll (IMR), and the 2nd IMR; the maximum value of the roll gap pressure between the backup roll and the second IMR appears on the edge of the barrel of rolls; the component force presents the inparacurve distribution. These are important for reducing the wear of rolls and the break of the backup roll and guiding for production.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 30-0 [
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34
LI Yugui;HUANG Qingxue;SHEN Guangxian;XIAO Hong;PANG Siqin;WANG Jianmei
Simulation of Strip Rolling Using Elastoplastic Contact BEM With Friction
With rollers as elastic bodies and workpieces as elastoplastic bodies, the rolling problem can be viewed as a friction elasticplastic contact problem. With fewer assumptions in the simulation of striprolling process, a boundary element method (BEM) for twodimensional elastoplastic finite strain and finite deformation analysis of contact problems with friction was presented. All the equations for contact problems, which include multinonlinearities, were obtained. Incremental and iterative procedures were used to find contact pressure and friction stress. Moreover, initial strain rate algorithm and workhardening material behavior can be assumed in the plastic analysis. Several examples were presented, and the results of contact pressure and friction stress were in excellent agreement with those of analysis.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 34-0 [
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ZHU Guohui;S V Subramanian
Recrystallization Behavior Design for Controlling Grain Size in Strip Rolling Process
To promote effectively dynamic recrystallization and obtain a homogeneous distribution of ultrafine grain size in strip finish rolling process, the behavior of static and dynamic recrystallization must be appropriately designed to provide an ultrafine austenite microstructure without mixed grain size. The design of rolling schedule was analyzed based on the control of the recrystallization behavior to achieve ultrafine grain size in the strip rolling process of niobium microalloyed steel. The experimental simulations were presented to validate the twice dynamic recrystallization design to achieve ultrafine grain size control.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 39-0 [
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Material
45
WANG Mingyu;LOU Taiping;ZHANG Li;SUI Zhitong
Separation of Iron Droplets From Titania Bearing Slag
Owing to smelting vanadiumtitanium magnetite ore, the amount of iron entrainment in slag as droplets is far higher than that in conventional BF slag. However, the iron droplets can be easily settled by blowing air into the molten slag. The results show that more than 80% of iron droplets in titania bearing slag can be settled and separated after treatment. The temperature rise of molten slag during the oxidizing process and the decreased viscosity caused by the component change of slag as well as air stirring in slag both accelerate the iron droplets settling. The vanadium content in the settled iron droplets and the original iron droplets was obtained by chemical analysis. The possible reason for the increased vanadium in the settled iron droplets was discussed by thermodynamic principles.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 45-0 [
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49
LIANG Chenghao;HU Xianqi
Inhibition Performance of EnhancedMo Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 55% LiBr Solution
The inhibition performance of enhancedMo inhibitor for carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution was measured by means of chemical immersion, electrochemical measurements, and physical detection technologies. Results indicated that enhancedMo inhibitor showed excellent inhibition performance of carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution, especially at high temperature. With increasing the temperature of solution from 160 ℃ to 240 ℃, the corrosion rates of carbon steel increased from 1767 μm/a to 3307 μm/a. EnhancedMo inhibitor might improve the anodic polarization performance of carbon steel and widen the passive potential region of carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution. EnhancedMo inhibitor belongs to anodic inhibitor. In 55% LiBr solution, the relationship between corrosion current density icorr and corrosion potential Ecorr of carbon steel accorded with the equation lgicorr=-266-354Ecorr, and the value of cathodic Tafel constant βc for the H2 reaction was 282 mVSCE. When 55% LiBr solution contained enhancedMo inhibitor, a passive film comprising Fe3O4 and MoO2 was formed on the carbon steel surface by electrochemical reactions. The corrosion of carbon steel might be retarded by this protective film, and the anticorrosion performance of carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution might be improved by enhancedMo inhibitor.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 49-0 [
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55
LI Zhuang;WU Di;L Huisheng
Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Multiphase Steel
The effect of thermomechanical processing (TMP) on the mechanical properties of hot rolled multiphase steel was investigated. TMP was conducted using a laboratory hot rolling mill, in which three different kinds of finish rolling deformation degrees and temperatures were applied. The results indicate that polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and a considerable amount of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by TMP. The stability of the retained austenite increases with decreasing finish rolling temperature and increasing finish rolling deformation degrees. Ultimate tensile strength (σb), total elongation (δ), and the product of ultimate tensile strength by total elongation (σb·δ) for 50% reduction at finish rolling temperature of 700 ℃ reach maximum values [791 MPa, 36% and 28 476 (MPa·%), respectively].
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61
SHI Wen;LI Lin;Bruno C De Cooman;Patrick Wollants;YANG Chunxia
Thermal Stability of Retained Austenite in TRIP Steel After Different Treatments
Thermal decomposition of retained austenite in TRIP steel was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The decomposition curve was abnormal, and the decomposition temperature and the activation energy were measured by the Kissinger method, which were all higher than those in quenched steel. The thermal decomposition data of samples soaked in liquid nitrogen after TRIP treatment were all similar to those without additional low temperature treatment. It indicated that there is a high thermal stability in retained austenite of the TRIP steel at low temperature, which was also proved by XRD analysis.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 61-0 [
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ZHOU Guanghong;DING Hongyan;ZHOU Fei;ZHANG Yue
Structure and Mechanical Properties of NiPNano Al2O3 Composite Coatings Synthesized by Electroless Plating
NiPnano Al2O3 composite coatings were deposited by electroless plating, and their microstructures were observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope). The microhardness and the wear resistance of the NiPnano Al2O3 composite coatings were measured using microhardness tester and blockonring tribometer, respectively, and the comparison with those of NiP coatings or NiPmicro Al2O3 coating was given. The influences of aging temperature on their hardness and wear resistance were analyzed. The results showed that the nano Al2O3 particles were distributed uniformly in the NiPAl2O3 coatings. Among three kinds of NiP based coatings, the hardness and wear resistance of NiPnano Al2O3 coatings were largest, and the maximum values could be obtained at 400 ℃. This indicated that the precipitation of nano Al2O3 particles would improve the hardness and wear resistance of the NiP coatings.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 65-0 [
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ZHANG Qiaoying;WANG Litao;WANG Xinhua;LI Hong;WANG Wanjun
NonMetallic Inclusion Distribution in Surface Layer of IF Steel Slabs
Nonmetallic inclusion distribution in the surface layer of IF steel slabs during unsteady casting was investigated using the original position statistic distribution analysis (OPA) method. It was found that most nonmetallic inclusions larger than 10 μm existed in the subsurface layers of 05-35 mm from the slab surfaces and very few large nonmetallic inclusions were found in the inner regions (≥45 mm from slab surfaces). In addition, it was found that at high casting speed level (14 m/min), even a slight change of casting speed could result in a remarkable increase of the nonmetallic inclusions. Thus, at high casting speed, changing the casting speed should be avoided or considerably lower speed changing rate must be used.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 70-0 [
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ZHANG Jianfu;TU Yifan;XU Jin;ZHANG Jiansheng;ZHANG Jinglin
Effect of Solid Solution Treatment on Microstructure of FeNi Based High Strength Low Thermal Expansion Alloy
The influence of solid solution treatments on the dissolution of carbides precipitates, the grain size, and the hardness of high strength low expansion alloy were investigated through XRD analysis, microstructure observations, and theoretical computation. It was seen that most primary Mo2C type carbide band dissolved in a temperature range of 1 100-1 150 ℃. When the temperature was over 1 200 ℃, the grain size increased remarkably, which led to the reduction of hardness.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 75-0 [
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JIN Huiming;ZHANG Linnan;LIU Xiaojun
Influence of Lanthanum IonImplantation on Adhesive Property of Oxide Film Formed on Co40Cr Alloy
The isothermal and cyclic oxidizing kinetics of Co40Cr alloy and its lanthanum ionimplanted samples were studied at 1 000 ℃ in air by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the Cr2O3 oxide film′s morphology after oxidation. Secondary ion mass spectrum (SIMS) method was used to examine the binding energy change of chromium caused by Ladoping and its influence on the formation of Cr2O3 film. Acoustic emission (AE) method was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide films during oxidizing and subsequent aircooling stages. Laser Raman spectrum was used to examine the stress changes within oxide films. A theoretical model was proposed relating to the film fracture process and was used to analyze the AE spectrum both on time domain and AEevent number domain. It was found that lanthanum implantation remarkably reduced the isothermal oxidizing rate of Co40Cr and improved the anticracking and antispalling properties of Cr2O3 oxide film. The reasons for the improvement were mainly that the implanted lanthanum reduced the grain size and internal stress of Cr2O3 oxide, increased the high temperature plasticity of oxide film, and remarkably reduced the number and size of Cr2O3/Co40Cr interfacial defects.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 79-0 [
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ZHANG Jinzhu;XU Chushao;ZHAO Yueping
Kinetics of Nitrogen Diffusion in Granular Manganese
The kinetics and the influence of time on granular manganese nitriding were studied by means of a vacuum resistance furnace, Xray diffraction technique, and LECO TC436 oxygen/nitrogen determinator. The longer the nitriding time, the more the nitrogen pickup. Except for a trace of oxide MnO that developed, the metal manganese could thoroughly be nitrided to form Mn4N and a little ζphase (the stoichiometric components as Mn2N) with the nitriding time lasting. A kinetic model is developed to reveal the nitriding situation and agrees well with the experimental results.
2008 Vol. 15 (1): 85-0 [
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LIU Changhui;HE Huahui;SHEN Xiang;LI Haihua
Magnetic Properties and Kinetics Parameters of Electroless Magnetic Loss CoFeB Films
Electroless CoFeB films with good soft magnetic properties were fabricated on polyester plastic substrate from sodium tartarate as a complexing agent. The plating rate of electroless CoFeB films is a function of concentration of sodium tetrahydroborate, pH of the plating bath, plating temperature and the metallic ratio. The estimated regression coefficient b0-b3 confidence interval, residual error r and confidence interval rint were confirmed by a computer program. The optimal composition of the plating bath was obtained and the dynamic electromagnetic parameters of films were measured in the 2-10 GHz range. At 2 GHz, the μ′, μ″ of the electroless CoFeB films were 304 and 766, respectively, as the concentration of reducer is 1 g/L. Magnetic hysteresis loop of the deposited CoFeB films show a remanence close to the saturation magnetization and coercivity of about 557-1274 A/m. The loops along the hard axis display low anisotropic field Hk of 2 388-3 582 A/m.
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